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With the rapid development of automated vehicles (AVs) in recent years, commercially available AVs are increasingly demonstrating high-level automation capabilities. However, most existing AV safety evaluation methods are primarily designed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Hang Zhou , Chengyuan Ma , Shiyu Shen , Zhaohui Liang , Xiaopeng Li

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) use complex decision-making (DM) models with multimodal sensory inputs, making rigorous validation and verification (V&V) essential for safety and reliability. These models pose challenges in diagnosing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Halit Eris , Stefan Wagner

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADSs) rely on Deep Neural Networks, allowing vehicles to navigate complex, open environments. However, the unpredictability of these scenarios highlights the need for rigorous system-level testing to ensure…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hossein Yousefizadeh , Shenghui Gu , Lionel C. Briand , Ali Nasr

Simulation environments are essential for the continuous development of complex cyber-physical systems such as self-driving cars (SDCs). Previous results on simulation-based testing for SDCs have shown that many automatically generated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Christian Birchler , Nicolas Ganz , Sajad Khatiri , Alessio Gambi , Sebastiano Panichella

The safety and reliability of Automated Driving Systems (ADS) are paramount, necessitating rigorous testing methodologies to uncover potential failures before deployment. Traditional testing approaches often prioritize either natural…

Determining possible failure scenarios is a critical step in the evaluation of autonomous vehicle systems. Real-world vehicle testing is commonly employed for autonomous vehicle validation, but the costs and time requirements are high.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Anthony Corso , Peter Du , Katherine Driggs-Campbell , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Abstract Simulation platforms facilitate the development of emerging cyber-physical systems (CPS) like self-driving cars (SDC) because they are more efficient and less dangerous than field operational tests. Despite this, thoroughly testing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Sajad Khatiri , Christian Birchler , Bill Bosshard , Alessio Gambi , Sebastiano Panichella

We present a methodology for estimating collision risk from counterfactual simulated scenarios built on sensor data from automated driving systems (ADS) or naturalistic driving databases. Two-agent conflicts are assessed by detecting and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Sreeja Roy-Singh , Sarvesh Kolekar , Daniel P. Bonny , Kyle Foss

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are now operating on public roads, which makes their testing and validation more critical than ever. Simulation offers a safe and controlled environment for evaluating AV performance in varied conditions. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Saeed Rahmani , Shiva Rasouli , Daphne Cornelisse , Eugene Vinitsky , Bart van Arem , Simeon C. Calvert

In this work, we present a novel, machine-learning approach for constructing Multiclass Interpretable Scoring Systems (MISS) - a fully data-driven methodology for generating single, sparse, and user-friendly scoring systems for multiclass…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Michal K. Grzeszczyk , Tomasz Trzciński , Arkadiusz Sitek

Autonomous driving testing increasingly relies on mining safety critical scenarios from large scale naturalistic driving data, yet existing screening pipelines still depend on manual risk annotation and expensive frame by frame risk…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Chen Xiong , Ziwen Wang , Deqi Wang , Cheng Wang , Yiyang Chen , He Zhang , Chao Gou

In this work, we present SafePlanner, a systematic testing framework for identifying safety-critical flaws in the Plan model of Automated Driving Systems (ADS). SafePlanner targets two core challenges: generating structurally meaningful…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Dohyun Kim , Sanggu Han , Sangmin Woo , Joonha Jang , Jaehoon Kim , Changhun Song , Yongdae Kim

Medical diagnosis assistant (MDA) aims to build an interactive diagnostic agent to sequentially inquire about symptoms for discriminating diseases. However, since the dialogue records used to build a patient simulator are collected…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Junfan Lin , Keze Wang , Ziliang Chen , Xiaodan Liang , Liang Lin

For a successful market launch of automated vehicles (AVs), proof of their safety is essential. Due to the open parameter space, an infinite number of traffic situations can occur, which makes the proof of safety an unsolved problem. With…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-08-27 Thomas Ponn , Matthias Breitfuß , Xiao Yu , Frank Diermeyer

Autonomous vehicles must be comprehensively evaluated before deployed in cities and highways. However, most existing evaluation approaches for autonomous vehicles are static and lack adaptability, so they are usually inefficient in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-11-25 Baiming Chen , Xiang Chen , Wu Qiong , Liang Li

Given the widespread use of safety-critical applications in the automotive field, it is crucial to ensure the Functional Safety (FuSa) of circuits and components within automotive systems. The Analog and Mixed-Signal (AMS) circuits…

Simulation-based testing has become a crucial complement to road testing for ensuring the safety of cyber physical systems (CPS). As a result, significant research efforts have been directed toward identifying failure scenarios within…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Edward Kim , Devan Shanker , Varun Bharadwaj , Hongbeen Park , Jinkyu Kim , Hazem Torfah , Daniel J Fremont , Sanjit A Seshia

Nonlinear, adaptive, or otherwise complex control techniques are increasingly relied upon to ensure the safety of systems operating in uncertain environments. However, the nonlinearity of the resulting closed-loop system complicates…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-01-17 John F. Quindlen , Ufuk Topcu , Girish Chowdhary , Jonathan P. How

This study presents a novel approach for modeling and simulating human-vehicle interactions in order to examine the effects of automated driving systems (ADS) on driving performance and driver control workload. Existing driver-ADS…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Kenechukwu C. Mbanisi , Hideyuki Kimpara , Zhi Li , Danil Prokhorov , Michael A. Gennert

Autonomous driving has attracted much attention over the years but turns out to be harder than expected, probably due to the difficulty of labeled data collection for model training. Self-supervised learning (SSL), which leverages unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Kai Chen , Lanqing Hong , Hang Xu , Zhenguo Li , Dit-Yan Yeung