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Robots "in-the-wild" encounter and must traverse widely varying terrain, ranging from solid ground to granular materials like sand to full liquids. Numerous approaches exist, including wheeled and legged robots, each excelling in specific…

Reproducing the diverse and agile locomotion skills of animals has been a longstanding challenge in robotics. While manually-designed controllers have been able to emulate many complex behaviors, building such controllers involves a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Xue Bin Peng , Erwin Coumans , Tingnan Zhang , Tsang-Wei Lee , Jie Tan , Sergey Levine

Locomotion gaits are fundamental for control of soft terrestrial robots. However, synthesis of these gaits is challenging due to modeling of robot-environment interaction and lack of a mathematical framework. This work presents an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Caitlin Freeman , Arun Niddish Mahendran , Vishesh Vikas

Objects moving in fluids experience patterns of stress on their surfaces determined by their motion and the geometry of nearby boundaries. Fish and underwater robots can use these patterns for navigation. This paper extends this…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Tad Hogg

This paper proposes a data-driven motion-planning framework for nonlinear systems that constructs a sequence of overlapping invariant polytopes. Around each randomly sampled waypoint, the algorithm identifies a convex admissible region and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-04 Babak Esmaeili , Hamidreza Modares , Stefano Di Cairano

This paper describes the pragmatic design and construction of geometric fabrics for shaping a robot's task-independent nominal behavior, capturing behavioral components such as obstacle avoidance, joint limit avoidance, redundancy…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Mandy Xie , Karl Van Wyk , Anqi Li , Muhammad Asif Rana , Qian Wan , Dieter Fox , Byron Boots , Nathan Ratliff

Animals run robustly in diverse terrain. This locomotion robustness is puzzling because axon conduction velocity is limited to a few ten meters per second. If reflex loops deliver sensory information with significant delays, one would…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-12-02 An Mo , Fabio Izzi , Emre Cemal Gönen , Daniel Haeufle , Alexander Badri-Spröwitz

A generic data-assisted control architecture within the port-Hamiltonian framework is proposed, introducing a physically meaningful observable that links conservative dynamics to all actuation, dissipation, and disturbance channels. A…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-12 Mostafa Eslami , Maryam Babazadeh

Jellyfish cyborgs present a promising avenue for soft robotic systems, leveraging the natural energy-efficiency and adaptability of biological systems. Here we demonstrate a novel approach to predicting and controlling jellyfish locomotion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Dai Owaki , Max Austin , Shuhei Ikeda , Kazuya Okuizumi , Kohei Nakajima

Data-driven modelling and synthesis of motion is an active research area with applications that include animation, games, and social robotics. This paper introduces a new class of probabilistic, generative, and controllable motion-data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Gustav Eje Henter , Simon Alexanderson , Jonas Beskow

Jellyfish have been called one of the most energy-efficient animals in the world due to the ease in which they move through their fluid environment, by product of their morphological, muscular, and material properties. We investigated…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2020-09-28 Jason G. Miles , Nicholas A. Battista

The heavy-load legged robot has strong load carrying capacity and can adapt to various unstructured terrains. But the large weight results in higher requirements for motion stability and environmental perception ability. In order to utilize…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Ze Fu , Yinghui Li , Weizhong Guo

Many animals, modern aircraft, and underwater vehicles use streamlined body shapes that reduce fluid dynamic drag to achieve fast and effective locomotion in air and water. Similarly, numerous small terrestrial animals move through…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Chen Li , Andrew O. Pullin , Duncan W. Haldane , Han K. Lam , Ronald S. Fearing , Robert J. Full

Compared to agile legged animals, wheeled and tracked vehicles often suffer large performance loss on granular surfaces like sand and gravel. Understanding the mechanics of legged locomotion on granular media can aid the development of…

Biological Physics · Physics 2019-11-04 Chen Li , Tingnan Zhang , Daniel I. Goldman

Soft machines typically exhibit slow locomotion speed and low manipulation strength because of intrinsic limitations of soft materials. Here, we present a generic design principle that harnesses mechanical instability for a variety of…

The ocean vast unexplored regions and diverse soft-bodied marine organisms have spurred interest in bio-inspired underwater soft robotics. Recent advances have enabled new capabilities in underwater movement, sensing, and interaction.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Lei Li , Boyang Qin , Wenzhuo Gao , Yanyu Li , Yiyuan Zhang , Bo Wang , Shihan Kong , Jian Wang , Dekui He , Junzhi Yu

Legged robots need to be capable of walking on diverse terrain conditions. In this paper, we present a novel reinforcement learning framework for learning locomotion on non-rigid dynamic terrains. Specifically, our framework can generate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Taehei Kim , Sung-Hee Lee

We present a comprehensive study on discrete morphological symmetries of dynamical systems, which are commonly observed in biological and artificial locomoting systems, such as legged, swimming, and flying animals/robots/virtual characters.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Daniel Ordonez-Apraez , Mario Martin , Antonio Agudo , Francesc Moreno-Noguer

In this paper, we present an approach to study the behavior of compliant plates in granular media and optimize the performance of a robot that utilizes this technique for mobility. From previous work and fundamental tests on thin plate…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Dongting Li , Sichuan Huang , Yong Tang , Hamidreza Marvi , Junliang Tao , Daniel M. Aukes

Robots benefit from sensory information to coordinate body movement, gain robustness against perturbations, and transition between different modes to adapt to various terrains. However, few amphibious robots can sense interactions with both…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Qiyuan Fu , Sudong Lee , Andrea Grillo , Jonathan Arreguit , Louis Gevers , Josie Hughes , Auke J. Ijspeert