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Tokenizing images into compact visual representations is a key step in learning efficient and high-quality image generative models. We present a simple diffusion tokenizer (DiTo) that learns compact visual representations for image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Yinbo Chen , Rohit Girdhar , Xiaolong Wang , Sai Saketh Rambhatla , Ishan Misra

We present a novel framework for generating adversarial benchmarks to evaluate the robustness of image classification models. Our framework allows users to customize the types of distortions to be optimally applied to images, which helps…

Since the advent of popular visual generation frameworks like VQGAN and latent diffusion models, state-of-the-art image generation systems have generally been two-stage systems that first tokenize or compress visual data into a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kyle Sargent , Kyle Hsu , Justin Johnson , Li Fei-Fei , Jiajun Wu

We introduce Hybrid Autoregressive Transformer (HART), an autoregressive (AR) visual generation model capable of directly generating 1024x1024 images, rivaling diffusion models in image generation quality. Existing AR models face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Haotian Tang , Yecheng Wu , Shang Yang , Enze Xie , Junsong Chen , Junyu Chen , Zhuoyang Zhang , Han Cai , Yao Lu , Song Han

The video generation field has witnessed rapid improvements with the introduction of recent diffusion models. While these models have successfully enhanced appearance quality, they still face challenges in generating coherent and natural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Yaosi Hu , Zhenzhong Chen , Chong Luo

Current approaches to pose generation rely heavily on intermediate representations, either through two-stage pipelines with quantization or autoregressive models that accumulate errors during inference. This fundamental limitation leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Yayuan Li , Filippos Bellos , Jason Corso

There remains an important need for the development of image reconstruction methods that can produce diagnostically useful images from undersampled measurements. In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for example, such methods can facilitate…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-28 Varun A. Kelkar , Sayantan Bhadra , Mark A. Anastasio

We investigate the impact of tokeniser pretraining on the accuracy and efficiency of physics emulation. Modern high-resolution simulations produce vast volumes of data spanning diverse physical regimes and scales. Training foundation models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Hadi Sotoudeh , Payel Mukhopadhyay , Ruben Ohana , Michael McCabe , Neil D. Lawrence , Shirley Ho , Miles Cranmer

Large denoising diffusion models, such as Stable Diffusion, have been trained on billions of image-caption pairs to perform text-conditioned image generation. As a byproduct of this training, these models have acquired general knowledge…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Alexandros Graikos , Nebojsa Jojic , Dimitris Samaras

Efficient image tokenization with high compression ratios remains a critical challenge for training generative models. We present SoftVQ-VAE, a continuous image tokenizer that leverages soft categorical posteriors to aggregate multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Hao Chen , Ze Wang , Xiang Li , Ximeng Sun , Fangyi Chen , Jiang Liu , Jindong Wang , Bhiksha Raj , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum

Text-to-image (T2I) generative models such as Stable Diffusion and FLUX can synthesize realistic, high-quality images directly from textual prompts. The resulting image quality depends critically on well-crafted prompts that specify both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Mingzhe Li , Renhao Zhang , Zhiyang Wen , Siqi Pan , Bruno Castro da Silva , Juan Zhai , Shiqing Ma

VQ-based image generation typically follows a two-stage pipeline: a tokenizer encodes images into discrete tokens, and a generative model learns their dependencies for reconstruction. However, improved tokenization in the first stage does…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Bin Wu , Mengqi Huang , Weinan Jia , Zhendong Mao

New advancements for the detection of synthetic images are critical for fighting disinformation, as the capabilities of generative AI models continuously evolve and can lead to hyper-realistic synthetic imagery at unprecedented scale and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Pantelis Dogoulis , Giorgos Kordopatis-Zilos , Ioannis Kompatsiaris , Symeon Papadopoulos

The dominance of denoising generative models (e.g., diffusion, flow-matching) in visual synthesis is tempered by their substantial training costs and inefficiencies in representation learning. While injecting discriminative representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Shaofeng Zhang , Xuanqi Chen , Ning Liao , Haoxiang Zhao , Xiaoxing Wang , Haoru Tan , Sitong Wu , Xiaosong Jia , Qi Fan , Junchi Yan

The development of unified multimodal large language models (MLLMs) is fundamentally challenged by the granularity gap between visual understanding and generation: understanding requires high-level semantic abstractions, while image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yan Li , Ning Liao , Xiangyu Zhao , Shaofeng Zhang , Xiaoxing Wang , Yifan Yang , Junchi Yan , Xue Yang

We present TokenCompose, a Latent Diffusion Model for text-to-image generation that achieves enhanced consistency between user-specified text prompts and model-generated images. Despite its tremendous success, the standard denoising process…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Zirui Wang , Zhizhou Sha , Zheng Ding , Yilin Wang , Zhuowen Tu

The image tokenizer is a critical component in AR image generation, as it determines how rich and structured visual content is encoded into compact representations. Existing quantization-based tokenizers such as VQ-GAN primarily focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yiang Shi , Xiaoyang Guo , Wei Yin , Mingkai Jia , Qian Zhang , Xiaolin Hu , Wenyu Liu , Xinggang Wang

In this work, we propose aligning pretrained visual encoders to serve as tokenizers for latent diffusion models in image generation. Unlike training a variational autoencoder (VAE) from scratch, which primarily emphasizes low-level details,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bowei Chen , Sai Bi , Hao Tan , He Zhang , Tianyuan Zhang , Zhengqi Li , Yuanjun Xiong , Jianming Zhang , Kai Zhang

Few-step image generation has seen rapid progress, with consistency and meanflow-based methods significantly reducing the number of sampling steps. Despite their low inference cost, these approaches often suffer from training instability…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Tung Do , Thuan Hoang Nguyen , Hao Li

By embedding discrete representations into a continuous latent space, we can leverage continuous-space latent diffusion models to handle generative modeling of discrete data. However, despite their initial success, most latent diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Bac Nguyen , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Toshimitsu Uesaka , Stefano Ermon , Yuki Mitsufuji