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This paper introduces the notion of danger awareness in the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI), which decodes whether a human is aware of the existence of the robot, and illuminates whether the human is willing to engage in enforcing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Mehdi Hosseinzadeh , Bruno Sinopoli , Aaron F. Bobick

This paper studies real-time collaborative robot (cobot) handling, where the cobot maneuvers an object under human dynamic gesture commands. Enabling dynamic gesture commands is useful when the human needs to avoid direct contact with the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Rui Chen , Alvin Shek , Changliu Liu

Structural inspection in nuclear facilities is vital for maintaining operational safety and integrity. Traditional methods of manual inspection pose significant challenges, including safety risks, high cognitive demands, and potential…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Junyeon Kim , Tianshu Ruan , Cesar Alan Contreras , Manolis Chiou

Designing an efficient and resilient human-robot collaboration strategy that not only upholds the safety and ergonomics of shared workspace but also enhances the performance and agility of collaborative setup presents significant challenges…

This paper aims to provide a clear and rigorous understanding of commonly recognized safety constraints in physical human-robot interaction, particularly regarding ISO/TS 15066. We investigate the derivation of these constraints, critically…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-03 Riccardo Zanella , Federico Califano , Stefano Stramigioli

What is considered safe for a robot operator during physical human-robot collaboration (HRC) is specified in corresponding HRC standards (e.g., ISO/TS 15066). The regime that allows collisions between the moving robot and the operator,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Lukas Rustler , Matej Misar , Matej Hoffmann

Human-robot collaboration has gained a notable prominence in Industry 4.0, as the use of collaborative robots increases efficiency and productivity in the automation process. However, it is necessary to consider the use of mechanisms that…

Industrial standards define safety requirements for Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) in industrial manufacturing. The standards particularly require real-time monitoring and securing of the minimum protective distance between a robot and an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Antti Hietanen , Jyrki Latokartano , Roel Pieters , Minna Lanz , Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen

By incorporating ergonomics principles into the task allocation processes, human-robot collaboration (HRC) frameworks can favour the prevention of work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs). In this context, existing offline…

Collaborative robots are being increasingly utilized in industrial production lines due to their efficiency and accuracy. However, the close proximity between humans and robots can pose safety risks due to the robot's high-speed movements…

Despite cobots have high potential in bringing several benefits in the manufacturing and logistic processes, but their rapid (re-)deployment in changing environments is still limited. To enable fast adaptation to new product demands and to…

Human-robot collaboration (HRC) is one key component to achieving flexible manufacturing to meet the different needs of customers. However, it is difficult to build intelligent robots that can proactively assist humans in a safe and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ruixuan Liu , Rui Chen , Abulikemu Abuduweili , Changliu Liu

New safety critical systems are about to appear in our everyday life: advanced robots able to interact with humans and perform tasks at home, in hospitals , or at work. A hazardous behavior of those systems, induced by failures or extreme…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-02-10 Jérémie Guiochet

The success of the human-robot co-worker team in a flexible manufacturing environment where robots learn from demonstration heavily relies on the correct and safe operation of the robot. How this can be achieved is a challenge that requires…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Kerstin Eder , Chris Harper , Ute Leonards

Human-robot interactions have been recognized to be a key element of future industrial collaborative robots (co-robots). Unlike traditional robots that work in structured and deterministic environments, co-robots need to operate in highly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-08-14 Changliu Liu , Masayoshi Tomizuka

Collaborative robots can relief human operators from excessive efforts during payload lifting activities. Modelling the human partner allows the design of safe and efficient collaborative strategies. In this paper, we present a control…

Collaborative AI systems aim at working together with humans in a shared space to achieve a common goal. This setting imposes potentially hazardous circumstances due to contacts that could harm human beings. Thus, building such systems with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-15 Matteo Camilli , Michael Felderer , Andrea Giusti , Dominik T. Matt , Anna Perini , Barbara Russo , Angelo Susi

As of today, robots exhibit impressive agility but also pose potential hazards to humans using/collaborating with them. Consequently, safety is considered the most paramount factor in human-robot interaction (HRI). This paper presents a…

Robotic vision for human-robot interaction and collaboration is a critical process for robots to collect and interpret detailed information related to human actions, goals, and preferences, enabling robots to provide more useful services to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Nicole Robinson , Brendan Tidd , Dylan Campbell , Dana Kulić , Peter Corke

Collaborative robots (cobots) increasingly operate alongside humans, demanding robust real-time safeguarding. Current safety standards (e.g., ISO 10218, ANSI/RIA 15.06, ISO/TS 15066) require risk assessments but offer limited guidance for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Vineela Reddy Pippera Badguna , Aliasghar Arab , Durga Avinash Kodavalla