Industrial standards define safety requirements for Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC) in industrial manufacturing. The standards particularly require real-time monitoring and securing of the minimum protective distance between a robot and an operator. In this work, we propose a depth-sensor based model for workspace monitoring and an interactive Augmented Reality (AR) User Interface (UI) for safe HRC. The AR UI is implemented on two different hardware: a projector-mirror setup anda wearable AR gear (HoloLens). We experiment the workspace model and UIs for a realistic diesel motor assembly task. The AR-based interactive UIs provide 21-24% and 57-64% reduction in the task completion and robot idle time, respectively, as compared to a baseline without interaction and workspace sharing. However, subjective evaluations reveal that HoloLens based AR is not yet suitable for industrial manufacturing while the projector-mirror setup shows clear improvements in safety and work ergonomics.
@article{arxiv.1909.02933,
title = {AR-based interaction for safe human-robot collaborative manufacturing},
author = {Antti Hietanen and Jyrki Latokartano and Roel Pieters and Minna Lanz and Joni-Kristian Kämäräinen},
journal= {arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.02933},
year = {2019}
}