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Related papers: First generation 4H-SiC LGAD production and its pe…

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The low gain avalanche detectors (LGADs) are thin sensors with fast charge collection which in combination with internal gain deliver an outstanding time resolution of about 30 ps. High collision rates and consequent large particle rates…

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) are fast silicon sensors with internal charge multiplication and are key candidates for precision timing layers in future high-energy hadron colliders. Their operation in harsh radiation environments,…

Forward proton spectrometers at high-energy proton colliders rely on precision timing to discriminate signal from background. Silicon low gain avalanche diodes (LGADs) are a candidate for future timing detectors in these systems. A major…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2025-03-26 C. Beirão da Cruz e Silva , G. Marozzo , G. Da Molin , J. Hollar , M. Gallinaro , M. Khakzad , S. Bashiri Kahjoq , K. Shchelina

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors(LGADs) is one of the candidate sensing technologies for future 4D-tracking applications and recently have been qualified to be used in the ATLAS and CMS timing detectors for the CERN High Luminosity Large Hadron…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-04-06 Esteban Currás , Marcos Fernández , Michael Moll

Silicon sensors are the go-to technology for high-precision sensors in particle physics. But only recently low-noise silicon sensors with internal amplification became available. The so-called Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) sensors have…

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes are a type of silicon Avalanche Photo-Diodes originally developed for the fast detection of minimum ionizing particles in high-energy physics experiments. Thanks to their fast timing performance, the Low-Gain…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-02-07 Gabriele Giacomini , Wei Chen , Gabriele D'Amen , Enrico Rossi , Alessandro Tricoli

The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment to mitigate pile-up effects during the High Luminosity (HL) phase of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) will…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGAD) are based on a n++-p+-p-p++ structure where an appropriate doping of the multiplication layer (p+) leads to high enough electric fields for impact ionization. Gain factors of few tens in charge…

Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are thin silicon detectors with moderate internal signal amplification and time resolution as good as 17 ps for minimum ionizing particles. However, the current major limiting factor in granularity is…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-26 M. Nizam , K. W. Shin , S. M. Mazza , J. Ott , A. Seiden , B. Schumm , Y. Zhao

Impact ionization in silicon devices has been extensively studied and several models for a quantitative description of the impact ionization coefficients have been proposed. We evaluate those models against gain measurements on Low Gain…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-05-29 Esteban Curras Rivera , Michael Moll

We report a concept low gain avalanche diode (LGAD) detector to be integrated into TOPSiDE, which is being developed for EIC (Electron-Ion Collider) project. The LGAD detector will be taking its place to resolve requirement of…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2021-12-21 Kyung-Wook , Shin , Jose O. Repond , David Blyth , Jessica E. Metcalfe , Manoj Jadhav , Abraham Saiden , Hartmut Sadrozinski

This paper reports the last technological development on the Low Gain Avalanche Detector (LGAD) and introduces a new architecture of these detectors called inverse-LGAD (iLGAD). Both approaches are based on the standard Avalanche Photo…

The Low-Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) is a semiconductor detector capable of achieving excellent timing resolution (~20 ps) for minimum ionizing particles (MIPs). To realize a pixelated detector with both high timing precision and spatial…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-02 Koji Nakamura , Yua Murayama , Issei Horikoshi , Mahiro Kobayashi , Koji Sato

4H-Silicon Carbide, when considered as a material for the fabrication of Low Gain Avalanche Detectors for particle timing and position measurement, offers potential advantages over Silicon. We discuss an ongoing study of this material aimed…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-03-17 P. Barletta , M. Cerullo , C. Haber , S. E. Holland , J. Muth , B. Sekely

Low-Gain Avalanche Diodes (LGADs) provide moderate internal gain and time resolutions of a few tens of picoseconds, making them a key technology for ultrafast timing in high-energy physics and beyond. However, both their gain and timing…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-04-28 Weiyi Sun , Mengzhao Li , Mei Zhao , Zhijun Liang

The High Granularity Timing Detector (HGTD) will be installed in the ATLAS experiment as part of the Phase-II upgrade for the High Luminosity-Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). It will mitigate pile-up effects in the forward region, and…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2026-02-02 A. Aboulhorma , M. Ait Tamlihat , H. M. Alfanda , O. Atanova , N. Atanov , I. Azzouzi , J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa , T. Beau , D. Benchekroun , F. Bendebba , G. Bergamin , Y. Bimgdi , A. Blot , A. Boikov , J. Bonis , D. Boumediene , C. Brito , A. S. Brogna , A. M. Burger , L. Cadamuro , Y. Cai , N. Cartalade , R. Casanova Mohr , R. Cherkaoui El Moursli , Y. Che , X. Chen , E. Y. S. Chow , L. D. Corpe , C. G. Crozatier , L. D'Eramo , S. Dahbi , D. Dannheim , G. Daubard , Y. Davydov , J. Debevc , Y. Degerli , E. Delagnes , F. Deliot , M. Dhellot , P. Dinaucourt , G. Di Gregorio , P. J. Dos Santos De Assis , C. Duan , O. Duarte , F. Dulucq , J. Ehrecke , Y. El Ghazali , A. El Moussaouy , A. Falou , L. Fan , Y. Fan , Z. Fan , K. Farman , F. Fassi , Y. Feng , M. Ferreira , F. Filthaut , F. Fischer , P. Fusté , J. Fu , J. García Rodriquez , G. Gaspar De Andrade , V. Gautam , Z. Ge , R. Gonçalo , M. Gouighri , S. Grinstein , K. Gritsay , F. Guilloux , S. Guindon , A. Haddad , S. E. D. Hammoud , L. Han , A. M. Henriques Correia , M. Hidaoui , B. Hiti , J. Hofner , S. Hou , P. J. Hsu , X. Huang , Y. Huang , K. Hu , C. Insa , J. Jeglot , X. Jia , G. Kramberger , M. Kuriyama , B. Y. Ky , D. Lacour , A. Lafarge , B. Lakssir , A. Lantheaume , D. Laporte , C. de La Taille , M. A. L. Leite , A. Leopold , H. Li , L. Li , M. Li , S. Li , S. Li , Y. Li , Z. Li , S. Liang , Z. Liang , B. Liu , K. Liu , K. Liu , Y. L. Liu , Y. W. Liu , F. L. Lucio Alves , M. Lu , Y. J. Lu , F. Lyu , D. Macina , R. Madar , N. Makovec , S. Malyukov , I. Mandić , T. Manoussos , S. Manzoni , G. Martin-Chassard , F. Martins , L. Masetti , R. Mazini , E. Mazzeo , K. Ma , X. Ma , R. Menegasso , J-P. Meyer , Y. Miao , A. Migayron , M. Mihovilovic , M. Milovanovic , M. Missio , V. Moskalenko , N. Mouadili , A. Moussa , I. Nikolic-Audit , C. C. Ohm , H. Okawa , S. Okkerman , M. Ouchrif , C. Pénélaud , A. Parreira , B. Pascual Dias , R. E. de Paula , J. Pinol Bel , P. -O. Puhl , C. Puigdengoles Olive , M. Puklavec , J. Qin , M. Qi , H. Ren , H. Riani , S. Ridouani , V. Rogozin , L. Royer , F. Rudnyckyj , E. F. Saad , G. T. Saito , A. Salem , H. Santos , S. Scarfi , Ph. Schwemling , N. Seguin-Moreau , L. Serin , R. P. Serrano Fernandez , A. Shaikovskii , Q. Sha , L. Shan , R. Shen , X. Shi , P. Skomina , H. Smitmanns , H. L. Snoek , A. P. Soulier , A. Stein , H. Stenzel , J. Strandberg , W. Sun , X. Sun , Y. Sun , Y. Tan , K. Tariq , Y. Tayalati , S. Terzo , A. Torrento Coello , S. Trincaz-Duvoid , U. M. Vande Voorde , I. Velkovska , R. P. Vieira , L. A. Vieira Lopes , A. Visibile , A. Wang , C. Wang , S. M. Wang , T. Wang , T. Wang , W. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. Wang , J. Wan , Q. Weitzel , J. Wu , M. Wu , W. Wu , Y. Wu , L. Xia , D. Xu , H. Xu , L. Xu , Z. Yan , H. Yang , H. Yang , X. Yang , X. Yang , J. Ye , I. Youbi , J. Yuan , I. Zahir , H. Zeng , D. Zhang , J. Zhang , L. Zhang , Z. Zhang , M. Zhao , Z. Zhao , X. Zheng , Z. Zhou , Y. Zhu , X. Zhuang

LGAD technology is established within the field of particle physics, as the baseline technology for the timing detectors of both the ATLAS and CMS upgrades at the HL-LHC. Pixelated LGADs have been proposed for the High Granularity Timing…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2022-06-02 A. Doblas , D. Flores , S. Hidalgo , N. Moffat , G. Pellegrini , D. Quirion , J. Villegas , D. Maneuski , M. Ruat , P. Fajardo

Low-Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) are characterized by a fast rise time (500 ps) and extremely good time resolution (down to 17 ps). The intrinsic low granularity of LGADs and the large power consumption of readout chips for precise…

The detectors with $\mathcal{O}$(10) $\mu$m spatial resolution and $\mathcal{O}$(10) ps timing resolution construct powerful particle trackers for future hadron or lepton collider experiments. LGAD: Low-Gain-Avalanche-Diode is a…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-01-17 Tomoka Imamura , Sayuka Kita , Koji Nakamura , Kazuhiko Hara

We report precise TCAD simulations of IHEP-IME-v1 Low Gain Avalanche Diode (LGAD) calibrated by secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS). Our setup allows us to evaluate the leakage current, capacitance, and breakdown voltage of LGAD, which…