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With the rapid advancement of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), ensuring their safety has emerged as a crucial area of research. This survey provides a comprehensive analysis of LVLM safety, covering key aspects such as attacks,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Mang Ye , Xuankun Rong , Wenke Huang , Bo Du , Nenghai Yu , Dacheng Tao

We introduce RedDebate, a novel multi-agent debate framework that provides the foundation for Large Language Models (LLMs) to identify and mitigate their unsafe behaviours. Existing AI safety approaches often rely on costly human evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Ali Asad , Stephen Obadinma , Radin Shayanfar , Xiaodan Zhu

Medical vision--language models (MVLMs) are increasingly used as perceptual backbones in radiology pipelines and as the visual front end of multimodal assistants, yet their reliability under real clinical workflows remains underexplored.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Xiang Chen , Fangfang Yang , Chunlei Meng , Yuxian Dong , Ang Li , Yiwei Wei , Jiahuan Long , Jiujiang Guo , Chengyin Hu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown significant progress in responding well to visual-instructions from users. However, these instructions, encompassing images and text, are susceptible to both intentional and inadvertent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Hao Zhang , Wenqi Shao , Hong Liu , Yongqiang Ma , Ping Luo , Yu Qiao , Nanning Zheng , Kaipeng Zhang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive performance across multimodal understanding and reasoning tasks, yet their internal safety mechanisms remain opaque and poorly controlled. In this work, we present a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jinhu Fu , Yihang Lou , Qingyi Si , Shudong Zhang , Yan Bai , Sen Su

Autoregressive (AR) vision-language models (VLMs) have long dominated multimodal understanding, reasoning, and graphical user interface (GUI) grounding. Recently, discrete diffusion vision-language models (DVLMs) have shown strong…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shrinidhi Kumbhar , Haofu Liao , Srikar Appalaraju , Kunwar Yashraj Singh

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) have achieved impressive results in various vision-language tasks. However, despite showing promising performance, LVLMs suffer from hallucinations caused by language bias, leading to diminished focus on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Haozhe Zhao , Shuzheng Si , Liang Chen , Yichi Zhang , Maosong Sun , Mingjia Zhang , Baobao Chang

With the surge of large language models (LLMs), Large Vision-Language Models (VLMs)--which integrate vision encoders with LLMs for accurate visual grounding--have shown great potential in tasks like generalist agents and robotic control.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Hongyu Zhu , Sichu Liang , Wenwen Wang , Boheng Li , Tongxin Yuan , Fangqi Li , ShiLin Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang

End-to-end autonomous driving systems built on Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown significant promise, yet their reliance on autoregressive architectures introduces some limitations for real-world applications. The sequential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Can Cui , Yupeng Zhou , Juntong Peng , Sung-Yeon Park , Zichong Yang , Prashanth Sankaranarayanan , Jiaru Zhang , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used in clinical diagnostics, yet their robustness to adversarial attacks remains largely unexplored, posing serious risks. Existing medical attacks focus on secondary objectives such as model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Akash Ghosh , Subhadip Baidya , Sriparna Saha , Xiuying Chen

The increasing integration of Visual Language Models (VLMs) into AI systems necessitates robust model alignment, especially when handling multimodal content that combines text and images. Existing evaluation datasets heavily lean towards…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Gabriel Downer , Sean Craven , Damian Ruck , Jake Thomas

Recent work has proposed automated red-teaming methods for testing the vulnerabilities of a given target large language model (LLM). These methods use red-teaming LLMs to uncover inputs that induce harmful behavior in a target LLM. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Jonathan Nöther , Adish Singla , Goran Radanović

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have achieved remarkable success in robotic manipulation. However, their robustness to linguistic nuances remains a critical, under-explored safety concern, posing a significant safety risk to real-world…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Baoshun Tong , Haoran He , Ling Pan , Yang Liu , Liang Lin

Recent advances in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled image-based question-answering capabilities. However, a key limitation is the use of CLIP as the visual encoder; while it can capture coarse global information, it…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Vatsal Agarwal , Matthew Gwilliam , Gefen Kohavi , Eshan Verma , Daniel Ulbricht , Abhinav Shrivastava

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used to automate complex workflows, but integrating untrusted external data with privileged execution exposes them to severe security risks, particularly direct and indirect prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zonghao Ying , Haozheng Wang , Jiangfan Liu , Quanchen Zou , Aishan Liu , Jian Yang , Yaodong Yang , Xianglong Liu

Large vision-language models (VLMs) such as GPT-4 have achieved unprecedented performance in response generation, especially with visual inputs, enabling more creative and adaptable interaction than large language models such as ChatGPT.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yunqing Zhao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Xiao Yang , Chongxuan Li , Ngai-Man Cheung , Min Lin

As the development of Large Models (LMs) progresses rapidly, their safety is also a priority. In current Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) safety workflow, evaluation, diagnosis, and alignment are…

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are increasingly used as perceptual modules for visual content reasoning, including through captioning and DeepFake detection. In this work, we expose a critical vulnerability of VLMs when exposed to subtle,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Yansong Gao , Richard Hartley , Ajmal Mian

Latent Video Diffusion Models (LVDMs) have achieved state-of-the-art generative quality for image and video generation; however, they remain brittle under noisy conditioning, where small perturbations in text or multimodal embeddings can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chika Maduabuchi , Hao Chen , Yujin Han , Jindong Wang

Reliable reward models (RMs) are critical for ensuring the safe alignment of large language models (LLMs). However, current RM evaluation methods focus solely on preference perception accuracies in given specific scenarios, obscuring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Jianxiang Zang , Yongda Wei , Ruxue Bai , Shiyu Jiang , Nijia Mo , Binhong Li , Qiang Sun , Hui Liu