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The safe deployment of autonomous driving systems (ADSs) relies on comprehensive testing and evaluation. However, safety-critical scenarios that can effectively expose system vulnerabilities are extremely sparse in the real world. Existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Xinzheng Wu , Junyi Chen , Naiting Zhong , Yong Shen

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tasks such as image captioning and visual question answering (VQA). However, as their applications become increasingly widespread, recent studies have revealed that VLMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ji Guo , Xiaolong Qin , Cencen Liu , Jielei Wang , Jierun Chen , Wenbo Jiang

The robust safety of Vision-Language Large Models (VLLMs) against joint multilingual and multimodal threats remains severely underexplored. Current benchmarks typically isolate these dimensions, being either multilingual but text-only, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Enyi Shi , Pengyang Shao , Yanxin Zhang , Chenhang Cui , Jiayi Lyu , Xiaobo Xia , Fei Shen , Tat-Seng Chua

Large Vision Language Models (VLMs) extend and enhance the perceptual abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite offering new possibilities for LLM applications, these advancements raise significant security and ethical concerns,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yi Liu , Chengjun Cai , Xiaoli Zhang , Xingliang Yuan , Cong Wang

Vision Language Models (VLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in multimodal understanding, yet their susceptibility to perturbations poses a significant threat to their reliability in real-world applications. Despite often being…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Jia Fu , Yongtao Wu , Yihang Chen , Kunyu Peng , Xiao Zhang , Volkan Cevher , Sepideh Pashami , Anders Holst

As vision-language models (VLMs) become increasingly capable, maintaining a balance between safety and usefulness remains a central challenge. Safety mechanisms, while essential, can backfire, causing over-refusal, where models decline…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Kaixuan Ren , Preslav Nakov , Usman Naseem

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across diverse tasks, garnering significant attention in AI communities. However, their performance and reliability in specialized domains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Yang Nan , Huichi Zhou , Xiaodan Xing , Guang Yang

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal tasks. However, their integration of visual inputs introduces expanded attack surfaces, thereby exposing them to novel security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Juan Ren , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

Autoregressive language models decode left-to-right with irreversible commitments, limiting revision during multi-step reasoning. We propose \textbf{VDLM}, a modular variable diffusion language model that separates semantic planning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Shuhui Qu

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have transformed multi-modal understanding, excelling in tasks like image captioning and visual question answering by integrating visual and textual inputs. However, their robustness against adversarial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xiang Fang , Wanlong Fang , Changshuo Wang

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) and Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown strong generalisation in detecting image and video deepfakes, their use for audio deepfake detection remains largely unexplored. In this work, we…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Akanksha Chuchra , Shukesh Reddy , Sudeepta Mishra , Abhijit Das , Abhinav Dhall

Self-reflection mechanisms that rely on purely text-based rethinking processes perform well in most multimodal tasks. However, when directly applied to long-form video understanding scenarios, they exhibit clear limitations. The fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jiaze Li , Hao Yin , Wenhui Tan , Jingyang Chen , Boshen Xu , Yuxun Qu , Yijing Chen , Jianzhong Ju , Zhenbo Luo , Jian Luan

Comprehensive situational awareness is essential for autonomous vehicles operating in safety-critical environments, as it enables the identification and mitigation of potential risks. Although recent Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sainithin Artham , Shankar Gangisetty , Avijit Dasgupta , C. V. Jawahar

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) demonstrate increasing capabilities across real-world applications such as code generation and chatbot assistance, ensuring their safety has become paramount. Unlike traditional Large Language Models (LLMs),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Peiyuan Tang , Haojie Xin , Xiaodong Zhang , Jun Sun , Qin Xia , Zijiang Yang

Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) rely on artificial intelligence (AI) to accurately detect objects and interpret their surroundings. However, even when trained using millions of miles of real-world data, AVs are often unable to detect rare failure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Mohammad Zarei , Melanie A Jutras , Eliana Evans , Mike Tan , Omid Aaramoon

In light of the remarkable success of in-context learning in large language models, its potential extension to the vision domain, particularly with visual foundation models like Stable Diffusion, has sparked considerable interest. Existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tianqi Chen , Yongfei Liu , Zhendong Wang , Jianbo Yuan , Quanzeng You , Hongxia Yang , Mingyuan Zhou

Recent advancements in Language Models (LMs) have demonstrated strong semantic reasoning capabilities, enabling their application in high-level decision-making for autonomous driving (AD). However, LMs operate over discrete token spaces and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Fan Ding , Xuewen Luo , Fengze Yang , Bo Yu , HwaHui Tew , Ganesh Krishnasamy , Junn Yong Loo

With the significant development of large models in recent years, Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of multimodal understanding and reasoning tasks. Compared to traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Daizong Liu , Mingyu Yang , Xiaoye Qu , Pan Zhou , Yu Cheng , Wei Hu

The rapid advancement of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) has enhanced capabilities offering potential applications from content creation to productivity enhancement. Despite their innovative potential, LVLMs exhibit vulnerabilities,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Abdulkadir Erol , Trilok Padhi , Agnik Saha , Ugur Kursuncu , Mehmet Emin Aktas

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) have demonstrated the ability to interact with humans under real-world conditions by combining Large Language Models (LLMs) and modality encoders to align multimodal information (visual and auditory) with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Hao Yang , Lizhen Qu , Ehsan Shareghi , Gholamreza Haffari