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Large Language Models are a promising tool for automated vulnerability detection, thanks to their success in code generation and repair. However, despite widespread adoption, a critical question remains: Are LLMs truly effective at…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Yue Li , Xiao Li , Hao Wu , Minghui Xu , Yue Zhang , Xiuzhen Cheng , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

LLM-as-a-Judge and reward models are widely used alternatives of multiple-choice questions or human annotators for large language model (LLM) evaluation. Their efficacy shines in evaluating long-form responses, serving a critical role as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Guijin Son , Hyunwoo Ko , Hoyoung Lee , Yewon Kim , Seunghyeok Hong

The pursuit of leaderboard rankings in Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fundamental paradox: models excel at standardized tests while failing to demonstrate genuine language understanding and adaptability. Our systematic analysis…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Sourav Banerjee , Ayushi Agarwal , Eishkaran Singh

Despite their promise to perform complex reasoning, large language models (LLMs) have been shown to have limited effectiveness in end-to-end planning. This has inspired an intriguing question: if these models cannot plan well, can they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Mohamed Aghzal , Xiang Yue , Erion Plaku , Ziyu Yao

LLM-as-a-Judge evaluation has become a standard tool for assessing base model performance. However, characterizing performance via the naive estimator, i.e., raw judge outputs, is systematically biased. Recent work has proposed estimators…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 James Fiedler

Large-scale generative models are shown to be useful for sampling meaningful candidate solutions, yet they often overlook task constraints and user preferences. Their full power is better harnessed when the models are coupled with external…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Lin Guan , Yifan Zhou , Denis Liu , Yantian Zha , Heni Ben Amor , Subbarao Kambhampati

Effective judges of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) are crucial for model development. Current methods for training VLM judges mainly rely on large-scale human preference annotations. However, such an approach is costly, and the annotations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Inna Wanyin Lin , Yushi Hu , Shuyue Stella Li , Scott Geng , Pang Wei Koh , Luke Zettlemoyer , Tim Althoff , Marjan Ghazvininejad

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) achieve strong multimodal reasoning but frequently exhibit hallucinations and incorrect responses with high certainty, which hinders their usage in high-stakes domains. Existing verbalized confidence…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Wenyi Xiao , Xinchi Xu , Leilei Gan

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as epistemic partners in everyday reasoning, yet their errors remain predominantly analyzed through predictive metrics rather than through their interpretive effects on human judgment. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Claudia Vale Oliveira , Nelson Zagalo , Filipe Silva , Anabela Brandao , Syeda Faryal Hussain Khurrum , Joaquim Santos

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly adapted through domain-specific fine-tuning, yet it remains unclear whether this improves reasoning beyond superficial visual cues, particularly in high-stakes domains like medicine. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Oliver McLaughlin , Daniel Shubin , Carsten Eickhoff , Ritambhara Singh , William Rudman , Michal Golovanevsky

Designing effective game tutorials is crucial for a smooth learning curve for new players, especially in games with many rules and complex core mechanics. Evaluating the effectiveness of these tutorials usually requires multiple iterations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Daniele Rege Cambrin , Gabriele Scaffidi Militone , Luca Colomba , Giovanni Malnati , Daniele Apiletti , Paolo Garza

LLM-based judges have emerged as a scalable alternative to human evaluation and are increasingly used to assess, compare, and improve models. However, the reliability of LLM-based judges themselves is rarely scrutinized. As LLMs become more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Sijun Tan , Siyuan Zhuang , Kyle Montgomery , William Y. Tang , Alejandro Cuadron , Chenguang Wang , Raluca Ada Popa , Ion Stoica

Recently, there has been a trend of evaluating the Large Language Model (LLM) quality in the flavor of LLM-as-a-Judge, namely leveraging another LLM to evaluate the current output quality. However, existing judges are proven to be biased,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Hongli Zhou , Hui Huang , Yunfei Long , Bing Xu , Conghui Zhu , Hailong Cao , Muyun Yang , Tiejun Zhao

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have emerged as general purpose tools for addressing a variety of complex computer vision problems. Such models have been shown to be highly capable, but, at the same time, also lacking some basic visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Shivam Chandhok , Wan-Cyuan Fan , Leonid Sigal

The current fascination with large language models, or LLMs, derives from the fact that many users lack the expertise to evaluate the quality of the generated text. LLMs may therefore appear more capable than they actually are. The…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Eliza Mik

Vision Language Models (VLMs) extend remarkable capabilities of text-only large language models and vision-only models, and are able to learn from and process multi-modal vision-text input. While modern VLMs perform well on a number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hannah Sterz , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exploded a new heatwave of AI for their ability to engage end-users in human-level conversations with detailed and articulate answers across many knowledge domains. In response to their fast adoption in…

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the development of Video Large Multi-modal Models (Video-LMMs) that can handle a wide range of video understanding tasks. These models have the potential to be deployed in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Muhammad Uzair Khattak , Muhammad Ferjad Naeem , Jameel Hassan , Muzammal Naseer , Federico Tombari , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

Large language models have achieved remarkable success on final-answer mathematical problems, largely due to the ease of applying reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards. However, the reasoning underlying these solutions is often…

Recent Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made remarkable progress in multimodal understanding tasks, yet their evaluation on long video understanding remains unreliable. Due to limited frame inputs, key frames necessary for answering the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xueqing Yu , Bohan Li , Yan Li , Zhenheng Yang