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Knowledge Graph Embedding (KGE) techniques are crucial in learning compact representations of entities and relations within a knowledge graph, facilitating efficient reasoning and knowledge discovery. While existing methods typically focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Pengcheng Jiang , Lang Cao , Cao Xiao , Parminder Bhatia , Jimeng Sun , Jiawei Han

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is widely used to inject external non-parametric knowledge into large language models (LLMs). Recent works suggest that Knowledge Graphs (KGs) contain valuable external knowledge for LLMs. Retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Wenyu Huang , Guancheng Zhou , Hongru Wang , Pavlos Vougiouklis , Mirella Lapata , Jeff Z. Pan

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) systems have been widely adopted in contemporary large language models (LLMs) due to their ability to improve generation quality while reducing the required input context length. In this work, we focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tianyi Zhang , Andreas Marfurt

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a dominant paradigm for mitigating hallucinations in Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. Nevertheless, effectively integrating and interpreting key evidence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Zhenghao Liu , Mingyan Wu , Xinze Li , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Cheng Yang , Minghe Yu , Zheni Zeng , Maosong Sun

Large language models (LLMs) excel at reasoning but struggle with knowledge-intensive questions due to limited context and parametric knowledge. However, existing methods that rely on finetuned LLMs or GNN retrievers are limited by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuanning Cui , Zequn Sun , Wei Hu , Zhangjie Fu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) lifts the factuality of Large Language Models (LLMs) by injecting external knowledge, yet it falls short on problems that demand multi-step inference; conversely, purely reasoning-oriented approaches…

Fine-tuning is an immensely resource-intensive process when retraining Large Language Models (LLMs) to incorporate a larger body of knowledge. Although many fine-tuning techniques have been developed to reduce the time and computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Hruday Markondapatnaikuni , Basem Suleiman , Abdelkarim Erradi , Shijing Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong potential in recommender systems due to their contextual learning and generalisation capabilities. Existing LLM-based recommendation approaches typically formulate the recommendation task using…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Zeyuan Meng , Zixuan Yi , Iadh Ounis

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) shows impressive performance by supplementing and substituting parametric knowledge in Large Language Models (LLMs). Retrieved knowledge can be divided into three types: explicit answer evidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zhichao Yan , Jiapu Wang , Jiaoyan Chen , Yanyan Wang , Hongye Tan , Jiye Liang , Xiaoli Li , Ru Li , Jeff Z. Pan

Large language models (LLMs) are transforming the way information is retrieved with vast amounts of knowledge being summarized and presented via natural language conversations. Yet, LLMs are prone to highlight the most frequently seen…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Julien Delile , Srayanta Mukherjee , Anton Van Pamel , Leonid Zhukov

Graph Retrieval Augmented Generation (GRAG) is a novel paradigm that takes the naive RAG system a step further by integrating graph information, such as knowledge graph (KGs), into large-scale language models (LLMs) to mitigate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Xujian Liang , Zhaoquan Gu

Extensive research has investigated the integration of large language models (LLMs) with knowledge graphs to enhance the reasoning process. However, understanding how models perform reasoning utilizing structured graph knowledge remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Han Zhang , Langshi Zhou , Hanfang Yang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding responses in external knowledge during inference. However, conventiona RAG systems under-perform on structured tabular data, largely due to coarse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zebin Guo , Weidong Geng , Ruichen Mao

Selective retrieval aims to make retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) more efficient and reliable by skipping retrieval when an LLM's parametric knowledge suffices. Despite promising results, existing methods are constrained by a binary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Di Wu , Jia-Chen Gu , Kai-Wei Chang , Nanyun Peng

Despite notable advancements in Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems that expand large language model (LLM) capabilities through external retrieval, these systems often struggle to meet the complex and diverse needs of real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Jinyu Wang , Jingjing Fu , Rui Wang , Lei Song , Jiang Bian

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive capabilities in language understanding and generation, yet they continue to underperform on knowledge-intensive reasoning tasks due to limited access to structured context and multi-hop…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Travis Thompson , Seung-Hwan Lim , Paul Liu , Ruoying He , Dongkuan Xu

Efficiently processing and interpreting network data is critical for the operation of increasingly complex networks. Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLM) and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) techniques have improved data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Amar Abane , Anis Bekri , Abdella Battou , Saddek Bensalem

In domains such as materials science, biomedicine, and finance, high-stakes deployment of large language models (LLMs) requires injecting private, domain-specific knowledge that is proprietary, fast-evolving, and under-represented in public…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Rongji Li , Jian Xu , Yi Chen , Xueqing Chen , Yisheng Yang , Jiayi Wang , Xingyu Chen , Chunyu Xie , Dawei Leng , Xu-Yao Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external knowledge. Recently, some works have incorporated iterative knowledge accumulation processes into RAG models to progressively accumulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Xinze Li , Zhenghao Liu , Haidong Xin , Yukun Yan , Shuo Wang , Zheni Zeng , Sen Mei , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) are foundational to applications such as search, question answering, and recommendation. Conventional knowledge graph construction methods are predominantly static, rely ing on a single-step construction from a fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Weidong Bao , Yilin Wang , Ruyu Gao , Fangling Leng , Yubin Bao , Ge Yu