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Related papers: Extended atomic carbon around molecular clouds

200 papers

(abridged) By comparing the distribution of dust and gas in the central regions of the Galaxy, we aim to obtain new insights into the properties of the offset dust lanes leading the bar's major axis in the Milky Way. On the one hand, the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 D. J. Marshall , R. Fux , A. C. Robin , C. Reyle

We present a new model of the three-dimensional distribution of molecular gas in the Milky Way Galaxy, based on CO line data. Our analysis is based on a gas-flow simulation of the inner Galaxy using smoothed-particle hydrodynamics (SPH)…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Martin Pohl , Peter Englmaier , Nicolai Bissantz

The C$^{+}$ ion is an important coolant of interstellar gas, and so the [CII] fine structure line is frequently observed in the interstellar medium. However, the physical and chemical properties of the [CII]-emitting gas are still unclear.…

We have conducted a mapping spectral line survey toward the Galactic giant molecular cloud W51 in the 3 mm band with the Mopra 22 m telescope in order to study an averaged chemical composition of the gas extended over a molecular cloud…

We report the first spectroscopic mapping of an atomic carbon line in an infrared dark cloud (IRDC). By observing the spatial distribution of the [CI] emission in an IRDC, comparing it with the 13CO emission and the known distribution of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-20 Volker Ossenkopf , Chris W. Ormel , Robert Simon , Kefeng Sun , Jürgen Stutzki

Carbon monoxide (CO) is the primary tracer for interstellar clouds where stars form, yet CO has never been detected in galaxies with an Oxygen abundance relative to Hydrogen less than 20% of solar, even though such low metallicity galaxies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-17 Bruce G. Elmegreen , Monica Rubio , Deidre A. Hunter , Celia Verdugo , Elias Brinks , Andreas Schruba

The outer Galaxy is characterized by a lower metallicity than regions near the Sun, suggesting differences in the formation and survival of molecules in star-forming regions. To understand chemical evolution across the Milky Way, deriving…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-03 D. Gigli , F. Fontani , L. Colzi , G. Vermariën , S. Viti , V. M. Rivilla , A. Sánchez-Monge

Context. The outer Milky Way has a lower metallicity than our solar neighbourhood, but still many molecules are detected in the region. Molecular line ratios can serve as probes to better understand the chemistry and physics in these…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-02 Gijs Vermariën , Serena Viti , Johannes Heyl , Francesco Fontani

The Orion Bar is the archetypal edge-on molecular cloud surface illuminated by strong ultraviolet radiation from nearby massive stars. Owing to the close distance to Orion (about 1,350 light-year), the effects of stellar feedback on the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-08-23 Javier R. Goicoechea , J. Pety , S. Cuadrado , J. Cernicharo , E. Chapillon , A. Fuente , M. Gerin , C. Joblin , N. Marcelino , P. Pilleri

This paper assesses the implications of a recent discovery (Jenkins 2009) that atomic oxygen is being depleted from diffuse interstellar gas at a rate that cannot be accounted for by its presence in silicate and metallic oxide particles. To…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-11-20 D. C. B. Whittet

We present the first results on the diffuse transition clouds observed in [CII] line emission at 158 microns (1.9 THz) towards Galactic longitudes near 340deg (5 LOSs) and 20deg (11 LOSs) as part of the GOT C+ survey. Out of the total 146…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-19 T. Velusamy , W. D. Langer , J. L. Pineda , P. F. Goldsmith , D. Li. , H. W. Yorke

Molecular clouds (MCs) are cradles of star and planet formation, thereby playing an important role in the evolution of galaxies. Based on the unbiased Milky Way Imaging Scroll Painting (MWISP) survey data of $^{12}$CO, $^{13}$CO, and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-08-21 Xin Zhou , Ji Yang , Yan Sun , Qing-Zeng Yan , Lixia Yuan , Yang Su , Xuepeng Chen , Shaobo Zhang

The circumgalactic medium (CGM) remains one of the least constrained components of galaxies and as such has significant potential for advancing galaxy formation theories. In this work, we vary the extragalactic ultraviolet background for a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-08-31 Lauren Corlies , David Schiminovich

In most galaxies like the Milky Way, stars form in clouds of molecular gas. Unlike the CO emission that traces the bulk of molecular gas, the rotational transitions of HCN and CS molecules mainly probe the dense phase of molecular gas,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-05-20 Kaiyi Du , Yong Shi , Zhi-Yu Zhang , Junzhi Wang , Yu Gao

Long-duration gamma-ray bursts are associated with the explosions of massive stars and are accordingly expected to reside in star-forming regions with molecular gas (the fuel for star formation). Previous searches for carbon monoxide (CO),…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-19 B. Hatsukade , K. Ohta , A. Endo , K. Nakanishi , Y. Tamura , T. Hashimoto , K. Kohno

We construct models of molecular clouds that are considered as ensembles of transient cores. Each core is assumed to develop in the background gas of the cloud, grow to high density and decay into the background. The chemistry in each core…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 R. T. Garrod , D. A. Williams , J. M. C. Rawlings

ALMA imaging of the cold molecular medium in the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 1808 is presented. The observations reveal the distribution of molecular gas, traced by $^{12}$CO (1-0) and $^{12}$CO (3-2), and continuum (93 and 350 GHz) across…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-11-15 Dragan Salak , Yuto Tomiyasu , Naomasa Nakai , Nario Kuno , Yusuke Miyamoto , Hiroyuki Kaneko

We explore the utility of CI as an alternative high-fidelity gas mass tracer for Galactic molecular clouds. We evaluate the X$_{\rm CI}$-factor for the 609 $\mu$m carbon line, the analog of the CO X-factor, which is the ratio of the H$_2$…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-05 Stella S. R. Offner , Thomas G. Bisbas , Tom A. Bell , Serena Viti

The extended ultraviolet (XUV) disk galaxies are one of the most interesting objects studied in the last few years. The UV emission, revealed by GALEX, extends well beyond the optical disk, after the drop of H$\alpha$ emission, the usual…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-06 Isadora C. Bicalho , Francoise Combes , Monica Rubio , Celia Verdugo , Philippe Salome

Estimating molecular abundances ratios from the direct measurement of the emission of the molecules towards a variety of interstellar environments is indeed very useful to advance in our understanding of the chemical evolution of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-09-12 S. Paron , M. B. Areal , M. E. Ortega