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A human's moral decision depends heavily on the context. Yet research on LLM morality has largely studied fixed scenarios. We address this gap by introducing Contextual MoralChoice, a dataset of moral dilemmas with systematic contextual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Adrian Sauter , Mona Schirmer

This paper investigates the rationality of large language models (LLMs) in strategic decision-making contexts, specifically within the framework of game theory. We evaluate several state-of-the-art LLMs across a spectrum of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Wenyue Hua , Ollie Liu , Lingyao Li , Alfonso Amayuelas , Julie Chen , Lucas Jiang , Mingyu Jin , Lizhou Fan , Fei Sun , William Wang , Xintong Wang , Yongfeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning and prediction across different domains. Yet, their ability to infer temporal regularities from structured behavioral data remains underexplored. This paper…

While Large Language Models (LLMs) are fundamentally next-token prediction systems, their practical applications extend far beyond this basic function. From natural language processing and text generation to conversational assistants and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Vishakha Agrawal , Archie Chaudhury , Shreya Agrawal

Large language models (LLMs) show strong reasoning abilities across diverse tasks, yet their performance on extended contexts remains inconsistent. While prior research has emphasized mid-context degradation in question answering, this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Pietro Bernardelle , Stefano Civelli , Kevin Roitero , Gianluca Demartini

Effective recommender systems demand dynamic user understanding, especially in complex, evolving environments. Traditional user profiling often fails to capture the nuanced, temporal contextual factors of user preferences, such as transient…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Milad Sabouri , Masoud Mansoury , Kun Lin , Bamshad Mobasher

Text summarization has a wide range of applications in many scenarios. The evaluation of the quality of the generated text is a complex problem. A big challenge to language evaluation is that there is a clear divergence between existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-20 Ning Wu , Ming Gong , Linjun Shou , Shining Liang , Daxin Jiang

Ideal or real - that is the question.In this work, we explore whether principles from game theory can be effectively applied to the evaluation of large language models (LLMs). This inquiry is motivated by the growing inadequacy of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Gao Yang , Yuhang Liu , Siyu Miao , Xinyue Liang , Zhengyang Liu , Heyan Huang

In many real-world applications, large language models (LLMs) operate as independent agents without interaction, thereby limiting coordination. In this setting, we examine how prompt framing influences decisions in a threshold voting task…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Zice Wang , Zhenyu Zhang

Understanding context is key to understanding human language, an ability which Large Language Models (LLMs) have been increasingly seen to demonstrate to an impressive extent. However, though the evaluation of LLMs encompasses various…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Yilun Zhu , Joel Ruben Antony Moniz , Shruti Bhargava , Jiarui Lu , Dhivya Piraviperumal , Site Li , Yuan Zhang , Hong Yu , Bo-Hsiang Tseng

Large language models (LLMs) exhibiting test-time scaling behavior, such as extended reasoning traces and self-verification, have demonstrated remarkable performance on complex, long-term reasoning tasks. However, the robustness of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Gleb Rodionov

Decision-making is a complex process requiring diverse abilities, making it an excellent framework for evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs). Researchers have examined LLMs' decision-making through the lens of Game Theory. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Jen-tse Huang , Eric John Li , Man Ho Lam , Tian Liang , Wenxuan Wang , Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Xing Wang , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Driven by vast and diverse textual data, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across numerous natural language processing (NLP) tasks. Yet, a critical question persists: does their generalization arise from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Boxiang Ma , Ru Li , Yuanlong Wang , Hongye Tan , Xiaoli Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate significant potential in multi-agent negotiation tasks, yet evaluation in this domain remains challenging due to a lack of robust and generalizable benchmarks. Abdelnabi et al. (2024) introduce a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jorge Carrasco Pollo , Ioannis Kapetangeorgis , Joshua Rosenthal , John Hua Yao

Workshop courses designed to foster creativity are gaining popularity. However, even experienced faculty teams find it challenging to realize a holistic evaluation that accommodates diverse perspectives. Adequate deliberation is essential…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Toru Ishida , Tongxi Liu , Hailong Wang , William K. Cheunga

Large Language Models (LLMs) can be conditioned with explicit personality prompts, yet their behavioral realization often varies depending on context. This study examines how identical personality prompts lead to distinct linguistic,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Bin Han , Deuksin Kwon , Jonathan Gratch

The large language model (LLM)-as-judge paradigm has been used to meet the demand for a cheap, reliable, and fast evaluation of model outputs during AI system development and post-deployment monitoring. While judge models -- LLMs finetuned…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Austin Xu , Srijan Bansal , Yifei Ming , Semih Yavuz , Shafiq Joty

Large language models (LLMs) have rapidly become indispensable tools for acquiring information and supporting human decision-making. However, ensuring that these models uphold fairness across varied contexts is critical to their safe and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Xulang Zhang , Rui Mao , Erik Cambria

The ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to extract context from natural language problem descriptions naturally raises questions about their suitability in autonomous decision-making settings. This paper studies the behaviour of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xiao Yang , Juxi Leitner , Michael Burke

Decision-making is a fundamental capability in everyday life. Large Language Models (LLMs) provide multifaceted support in enhancing human decision-making processes. However, understanding the influencing factors of LLM-assisted…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Eva Eigner , Thorsten Händler