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Processing long-form audio is a major challenge for Large Audio Language models (LALMs). These models struggle with the quadratic cost of attention ($O(N^2)$) and with modeling long-range temporal dependencies. Existing audio benchmarks are…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable ability to process not only text but also multimodal inputs such as speech and audio. However, most existing models primarily focus on analyzing input signals using text…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-20 Junyi Ao , Dekun Chen , Xiaohai Tian , Wenjie Feng , Jun Zhang , Lu Lu , Yuxuan Wang , Haizhou Li , Zhizheng Wu

Audio Question Answering (AQA) constitutes a pivotal task in which machines analyze both audio signals and natural language questions to produce precise natural language answers. The significance of possessing high-quality, diverse, and…

Integrating audio comprehension and generation into large language models (LLMs) remains challenging due to the continuous nature of audio and the resulting high sampling rates. Here, we introduce a novel approach that combines Variational…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-31 Shivam Mehta , Nebojsa Jojic , Hannes Gamper

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on mathematical reasoning tasks, often attributed to their capability to generate explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations. However, recent work shows that LRMs often arrive at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yihong Liu , Raoyuan Zhao , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

We study a novel language model architecture that is capable of scaling test-time computation by implicitly reasoning in latent space. Our model works by iterating a recurrent block, thereby unrolling to arbitrary depth at test-time. This…

Reasoning capabilities of large language models are primarily studied for English, even when pretrained models are multilingual. In this work, we investigate to what extent English reasoning finetuning with long chain-of-thoughts (CoTs) can…

The rapid advancements in large Language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced their reasoning capabilities, driven by various strategies such as multi-agent collaboration. However, unlike the well-established performance improvements…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zihan Chen , Song Wang , Zhen Tan , Xingbo Fu , Zhenyu Lei , Peng Wang , Huan Liu , Cong Shen , Jundong Li

Computational cognitive models discovered using large language models have so far relied solely on behavioral data. However, it is well-known that models produced from the behavioral trajectory alone are typically under-determined. In this…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-07 Hanbo Xie , Akshay K. Jagadish , Lan Pan , Robert C. Wilson

This survey overviews various meta-learning approaches used in audio and speech processing scenarios. Meta-learning is used where model performance needs to be maximized with minimum annotated samples, making it suitable for low-sample…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Athul Raimon , Shubha Masti , Shyam K Sateesh , Siyani Vengatagiri , Bhaskarjyoti Das

This survey paper provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and challenges in applying large language models to the field of audio signal processing. Audio processing, with its diverse signal representations and a wide…

This study explores the potential of phonological reasoning within text-based large language models (LLMs). Utilizing the PhonologyBench benchmark, we assess tasks like rhyme word generation, g2p conversion, and syllable counting. Our…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Dongjun Jang , Youngchae Ahn , Hyopil Shin

In this work, we present Covo-Audio, a 7B-parameter end-to-end LALM that directly processes continuous audio inputs and generates audio outputs within a single unified architecture. Through large-scale curated pretraining and targeted…

Reasoning-oriented Large Language Models (LLMs) often rely on generating explicit tokens step by step, and their effectiveness typically hinges on large-scale supervised fine-tuning or reinforcement learning. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Haoyu Zheng , Zhuonan Wang , Yuqian Yuan , Tianwei Lin , Wenqiao Zhang , Zheqi Lv , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang , Hongyang He

Recently, instruction-following audio-language models have received broad attention for audio interaction with humans. However, the absence of pre-trained audio models capable of handling diverse audio types and tasks has hindered progress…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-22 Yunfei Chu , Jin Xu , Xiaohuan Zhou , Qian Yang , Shiliang Zhang , Zhijie Yan , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

Complex dialog systems often use retrieved evidence to facilitate factual responses. Such RAG (Retrieval Augmented Generation) systems retrieve from massive heterogeneous data stores that are usually architected as multiple indexes or APIs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Ashutosh Joshi , Sheikh Muhammad Sarwar , Samarth Varshney , Sreyashi Nag , Shrivats Agrawal , Juhi Naik

Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models (EMLLMs) can improve performance through Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning, but they have poor self-evaluation capabilities during the CoT reasoning process. This is due to their tendency to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zheqi Lv , Wenkai Wang , Jiawei Wang , Shengyu Zhang , Fei Wu

Large-scale sound recognition data sets typically consist of acoustic recordings obtained from multimedia libraries. As a consequence, modalities other than audio can often be exploited to improve the outputs of models designed for…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-11 Wim Boes , Hugo Van hamme

Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) perform well on audio understanding tasks but lack multistep reasoning and tool-calling found in recent Large Language Models (LLMs). This paper presents AudioToolAgent, a framework that coordinates…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Gijs Wijngaard , Elia Formisano , Michel Dumontier , Jenia Jitsev

Reasoning-capable language models achieve state-of-the-art performance in diverse complex tasks by generating long, explicit Chain-of-Thought (CoT) traces. While recent works show that base models can acquire such reasoning traces via…

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