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Text representation models are prone to exhibit a range of societal biases, reflecting the non-controlled and biased nature of the underlying pretraining data, which consequently leads to severe ethical issues and even bias amplification.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Soumya Barikeri , Anne Lauscher , Ivan Vulić , Goran Glavaš

Toxic interactions during code reviews can undermine teamwork and hinder productivity in software engineering (SE) teams. While prior studies explore toxicity detection and empirical investigation, they lack real-time detoxification tools…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-17 MD Awsaf Alam Anindya , Showvik Biswas , Anindya Iqbal , Jaydeb Sarker , Amiangshu Bosu

Online social media has become increasingly popular in recent years due to its ease of access and ability to connect with others. One of social media's main draws is its anonymity, allowing users to share their thoughts and opinions without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Vigneshwaran Shankaran , Rajesh Sharma

The recent development of decentralised and interoperable social networks (such as the "fediverse") creates new challenges for content moderators. This is because millions of posts generated on one server can easily "spread" to another,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Vibhor Agarwal , Aravindh Raman , Nishanth Sastry , Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem , Gareth Tyson , Ignacio Castro

This study explores real-world human interactions with large language models (LLMs) in diverse, unconstrained settings in contrast to most prior research focusing on ethically trimmed models like ChatGPT for specific tasks. We aim to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Johannes Schneider , Arianna Casanova Flores , Anne-Catherine Kranz

Online conversations can go in many directions: some turn out poorly due to antisocial behavior, while others turn out positively to the benefit of all. Research on improving online spaces has focused primarily on detecting and reducing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Jiajun Bao , Junjie Wu , Yiming Zhang , Eshwar Chandrasekharan , David Jurgens

Detecting toxic language including sexism, harassment and abusive behaviour, remains a critical challenge, particularly in its subtle and context-dependent forms. Existing approaches largely focus on isolated message-level classification,…

The training of large language models (LLMs) on extensive, unfiltered corpora sourced from the internet is a common and advantageous practice. Consequently, LLMs have learned and inadvertently reproduced various types of biases, including…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Ambri Ma , Arnav Kumar , Brett Zeligson

Forecasting conversational derailment is the task of predicting, as the conversation unfolds, whether it will eventually derail into personal attacks. Since forecasting models operate in an online fashion, they must decide whether to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Laerdon Kim , Vivian Nguyen , Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil

Recent advances in natural language processing and machine learning have led to the development of chatbot models, such as ChatGPT, that can engage in conversational dialogue with human users. However, the ability of these models to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Bocheng Chen , Guangjing Wang , Hanqing Guo , Yuanda Wang , Qiben Yan

Content moderation on social media platforms shapes the dynamics of online discourse, influencing whose voices are amplified and whose are suppressed. Recent studies have raised concerns about the fairness of content moderation practices,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Rebecca Dorn , Lee Kezar , Fred Morstatter , Kristina Lerman

Automatic toxic language detection is critical for creating safe, inclusive online spaces. However, it is a highly subjective task, with perceptions of toxic language shaped by community norms and lived experience. Existing toxicity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Ashima Suvarna , Christina Chance , Karolina Naranjo , Hamid Palangi , Sophie Hao , Thomas Hartvigsen , Saadia Gabriel

Online toxic content has grown into a pervasive phenomenon, intensifying during times of crisis, elections, and social unrest. A significant amount of research has been focused on detecting or analyzing toxic content using machine-learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Gautam Kishore Shahi , Tim A. Majchrzak

Toxic speech, also known as hate speech, is regarded as one of the crucial issues plaguing online social media today. Most recent work on toxic speech detection is constrained to the modality of text and written conversations with very…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Sreyan Ghosh , Samden Lepcha , S Sakshi , Rajiv Ratn Shah , S. Umesh

The challenge of automatic detection of toxic comments online has been the subject of a lot of research recently, but the focus has been mostly on detecting it in individual messages after they have been posted. Some authors have tried to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-06-20 Éloi Brassard-Gourdeau , Richard Khoury

We present GLM-Dialog, a large-scale language model (LLM) with 10B parameters capable of knowledge-grounded conversation in Chinese using a search engine to access the Internet knowledge. GLM-Dialog offers a series of applicable techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Jing Zhang , Xiaokang Zhang , Daniel Zhang-Li , Jifan Yu , Zijun Yao , Zeyao Ma , Yiqi Xu , Haohua Wang , Xiaohan Zhang , Nianyi Lin , Sunrui Lu , Juanzi Li , Jie Tang

Online conversations can be toxic and subjected to threats, abuse, or harassment. To identify toxic text comments, several deep learning and machine learning models have been proposed throughout the years. However, recent studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Md Azim Khan

Now-a-days, derogatory comments are often made by one another, not only in offline environment but also immensely in online environments like social networking websites and online communities. So, an Identification combined with Prevention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Navoneel Chakrabarty

With adversarial or otherwise normal prompts, existing large language models (LLM) can be pushed to generate toxic discourses. One way to reduce the risk of LLMs generating undesired discourses is to alter the training of the LLM. This can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-28 Meng Cao , Mehdi Fatemi , Jackie Chi Kit Cheung , Samira Shabanian

Incivility remains a major challenge for online discussion platforms, to such an extent that even conversations between well-intentioned users can often derail into uncivil behavior. Traditionally, platforms have relied on moderators to --…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Jonathan P. Chang , Charlotte Schluger , Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil