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As humans learn new skills and apply their existing knowledge while maintaining previously learned information, "continual learning" in machine learning aims to incorporate new data while retaining and utilizing past knowledge. However,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Hanne Say , Suzan Ece Ada , Emre Ugur , Minoru Asada , Erhan Oztop

Reinforcement learning~(RL) is a versatile framework for learning to solve complex real-world tasks. However, influences on the learning performance of RL algorithms are often poorly understood in practice. We discuss different analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Jan Schneider , Pierre Schumacher , Daniel Häufle , Bernhard Schölkopf , Dieter Büchler

The challenge of developing powerful and general Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents has received increasing attention in recent years. Much of this effort has focused on the single-agent setting, in which an agent maximizes a predefined…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Jiachen Yang , Ang Li , Mehrdad Farajtabar , Peter Sunehag , Edward Hughes , Hongyuan Zha

Catastrophic forgetting in neural networks is a significant problem for continual learning. A majority of the current methods replay previous data during training, which violates the constraints of an ideal continual learning system.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-24 Prakhar Kaushik , Alex Gain , Adam Kortylewski , Alan Yuille

Can emergent language models faithfully model the intelligence of decision-making agents? Though modern language models exhibit already some reasoning ability, and theoretically can potentially express any probable distribution over tokens,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Wenhao Lu , Xufeng Zhao , Josua Spisak , Jae Hee Lee , Stefan Wermter

Large Language Models (LLMs) show strong reasoning abilities, often amplified by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting and reinforcement learning (RL). Although RL algorithms can substantially improve reasoning, they struggle to expand reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Xiangchi Yuan , Xiang Chen , Tong Yu , Dachuan Shi , Can Jin , Wenke Lee , Saayan Mitra

Training a reinforcement learning (RL) agent on a real-world robotics task remains generally impractical due to sample inefficiency. Multi-task RL and meta-RL aim to improve sample efficiency by generalizing over a distribution of related…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Jacob Beck , Matthew Thomas Jackson , Risto Vuorio , Shimon Whiteson

Financial markets are influenced by human behavior that deviates from rationality due to cognitive biases. Traditional reinforcement learning (RL) models for financial decision-making assume rational agents, potentially overlooking the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Liu He

Memory is a critical component in large language model (LLM)-based agents, enabling them to store and retrieve past executions to improve task performance over time. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study on how memory management…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zidi Xiong , Yuping Lin , Wenya Xie , Pengfei He , Zirui Liu , Jiliang Tang , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Zhen Xiang

Reinforcement learning (RL) involves sequential decision making in uncertain environments. The aim of the decision-making agent is to maximize the benefit of acting in its environment over an extended period of time. Finding an optimal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Istvan Szita , Balint Takacs , Andras Lorincz

Language is often considered a key aspect of human thinking, providing us with exceptional abilities to generalize, explore, plan, replan, and adapt to new situations. However, Reinforcement Learning (RL) agents are far from human-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Shengran Hu , Jeff Clune

Reinforcement Learning enables agents to learn optimal behaviors through interactions with environments. However, real-world environments are typically non-stationary, requiring agents to continuously adapt to new tasks and changing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Jinwu Hu , Zihao Lian , Zhiquan Wen , Chenghao Li , Guohao Chen , Xutao Wen , Bin Xiao , Mingkui Tan

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a popular paradigm for addressing sequential decision tasks in which the agent has only limited environmental feedback. Despite many advances over the past three decades, learning in many domains still…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Sanmit Narvekar , Bei Peng , Matteo Leonetti , Jivko Sinapov , Matthew E. Taylor , Peter Stone

In real-world environments, autonomous agents rely on their egocentric observations. They must learn adaptive strategies to interact with others who possess mixed motivations, discernible only through visible cues. Several Multi-Agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Violet Xiang , Logan Cross , Jan-Philipp Fränken , Nick Haber

Social goods, such as healthcare, smart city, and information networks, often produce ordered event data in continuous time. The generative processes of these event data can be very complex, requiring flexible models to capture their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Shuang Li , Shuai Xiao , Shixiang Zhu , Nan Du , Yao Xie , Le Song

We tackle the Multi-task Batch Reinforcement Learning problem. Given multiple datasets collected from different tasks, we train a multi-task policy to perform well in unseen tasks sampled from the same distribution. The task identities of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Jiachen Li , Quan Vuong , Shuang Liu , Minghua Liu , Kamil Ciosek , Keith Ross , Henrik Iskov Christensen , Hao Su

Existing Reinforcement Learning (RL) systems encounter significant challenges when applied to real-world scenarios, primarily due to poor generalization across environments that differ from their training conditions. This thesis explores…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Mingde "Harry" Zhao

Deep reinforcement learning has enabled robots to learn motor skills from environmental interactions with minimal to no prior knowledge. However, existing reinforcement learning algorithms assume an episodic setting, in which the agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Jigang Kim , J. hyeon Park , Daesol Cho , H. Jin Kim

Continual learning (CL) learns a sequence of tasks incrementally with the goal of achieving two main objectives: overcoming catastrophic forgetting (CF) and encouraging knowledge transfer (KT) across tasks. However, most existing techniques…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu , Nianzu Ma , Hu Xu , Lei Shu

Many real-world applications require an agent to make robust and deliberate decisions with multimodal information (e.g., robots with multi-sensory inputs). However, it is very challenging to train the agent via reinforcement learning (RL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jinming Ma , Feng Wu , Yingfeng Chen , Xianpeng Ji , Yu Ding
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