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Graph drawing addresses the problem of finding a layout of a graph that satisfies given aesthetic and understandability objectives. The most important objective in graph drawing is minimization of the number of crossings in the drawing, as…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2014-01-22 Mohamed A. El-Sayed , S. Abdel-Khalek , Hanan H. Amin

Recent empirical research has indicated that human graph reading performance improves when crossing angles increase. However, crossing angle has not been used as an aesthetic criterion for graph drawing algorithms so far. In this paper, we…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2010-12-22 Peter Eades , Weidong Huang , Seok-Hee Hong

Direct image-to-graph transformation is a challenging task that involves solving object detection and relationship prediction in a single model. Due to this task's complexity, large training datasets are rare in many domains, making the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Alexander H. Berger , Laurin Lux , Suprosanna Shit , Ivan Ezhov , Georgios Kaissis , Martin J. Menten , Daniel Rueckert , Johannes C. Paetzold

We improve the best known upper bound on the number of edges in a unit-distance graph on $n$ vertices for each $n\in\{16,\ldots,30\}$. When $n\leq 21$, our bounds match the best known lower bounds, and we fully enumerate the densest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-14 Boris Alexeev , Dustin G. Mixon , Hans Parshall

We define the \emph{visual complexity} of a plane graph drawing to be the number of basic geometric objects needed to represent all its edges. In particular, one object may represent multiple edges (e.g., one needs only one line segment to…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2018-09-10 Gregor Hültenschmidt , Philipp Kindermann , Wouter Meulemans , André Schulz

We discuss the problem of embedding graphs in the plane with restrictions on the vertex mapping. In particular, we introduce a technique for drawing planar graphs with a fixed vertex mapping that bounds the number of times edges bend. An…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-06-05 Taylor Gordon

Simple drawings are drawings of graphs in which any two edges intersect at most once (either at a common endpoint or a proper crossing), and no edge intersects itself. We analyze several characteristics of simple drawings of complete…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Oswin Aichholzer , Birgit Vogtenhuber , Alexandra Weinberger

The edge-length ratio of a straight-line drawing of a graph is the ratio between the lengths of the longest and of the shortest edge in the drawing. The planar edge-length ratio of a planar graph is the minimum edge-length ratio of any…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-14 Manuel Borrazzo , Fabrizio Frati

The basic (and traditional) crossing number problem is to determine the minimum number of crossings in a topological drawing of an input graph in the plane. We develop a unified framework yielding fixed-parameter tractable (FPT) algorithms…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Éric Colin de Verdière , Petr Hliněný

We prove that triangulated IC-planar and NIC-planar graphs can be recognized in cubic time. A graph is 1-planar if it can be drawn in the plane with at most one crossing per edge. A drawing is IC-planar if, in addition, each vertex is…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-10-28 Franz J. Brandenburg

Human perception of graph drawings is influenced by a variety of impact factors for which quality measures are used as a proxy indicator. The investigation of those impact factors and their effects is important to evaluate and improve…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Ying Zhang , Niklas Groene , Karsten Klein , Giuseppe Liotta , Falk Schreiber

A drawing of a graph is 1-planar if each edge participates in at most one crossing and adjacent edges do not cross. Up to symmetry, each crossing in a 1-planar drawing belongs to one out of six possible crossing types, where a type…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Sergio Cabello , Alexander Dobler , Gašper Fijavž , Thekla Hamm , Mirko H. Wagner

In this paper, we study arrangements of orthogonal circles, that is, arrangements of circles where every pair of circles must either be disjoint or intersect at a right angle. Using geometric arguments, we show that such arrangements have…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-08-27 Steven Chaplick , Henry Förster , Myroslav Kryven , Alexander Wolff

Graph Drawing techniques have been developed in the last few years with the purpose of producing aesthetically pleasing node-link layouts. Recently, the employment of differentiable loss functions has paved the road to the massive usage of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Matteo Tiezzi , Gabriele Ciravegna , Marco Gori

Beyond-planarity focuses on the study of geometric and topological graphs that are in some sense nearly-planar. Here, planarity is relaxed by allowing edge crossings, but only with respect to some local forbidden crossing configurations.…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-12-29 Patrizio Angelini , Michael A. Bekos , Michael Kaufmann , Maximilian Pfister , Torsten Ueckerdt

Edge bundling reduces the visual clutter in a drawing of a graph by uniting the edges into bundles. We propose a method of edge bundling drawing each edge of a bundle separately as in metro-maps and call our method ordered bundles. To…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-09-20 Sergey Bereg , Alexander E. Holroyd , Lev Nachmanson , Sergey Pupyrev

We present an algorithm to support the dynamic embedding in the plane of a dynamic graph. An edge can be inserted across a face between two vertices on the face boundary (we call such a vertex pair linkable), and edges can be deleted. The…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-04 Jacob Holm , Eva Rotenberg

The task of finding an extension to a given partial drawing of a graph while adhering to constraints on the representation has been extensively studied in the literature, with well-known results providing efficient algorithms for…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Sujoy Bhore , Robert Ganian , Liana Khazaliya , Fabrizio Montecchiani , Martin Nöllenburg

We consider drawings of graphs that contain dense subgraphs. We introduce intersection-link representations for such graphs, in which each vertex $u$ is represented by a geometric object $R(u)$ and in which each edge $(u,v)$ is represented…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-09-01 Patrizio Angelini , Giordano Da Lozzo , Giuseppe Di Battista , Fabrizio Frati , Maurizio Patrignani , Ignaz Rutter

A graph is near-planar if it can be obtained from a planar graph by adding an edge. We show the surprising fact that it is NP-hard to compute the crossing number of near-planar graphs. A graph is 1-planar if it has a drawing where every…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2012-03-28 Sergio Cabello , Bojan Mohar