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In meta-learning approaches, it is difficult for a practitioner to make sense of what kind of representations the model employs. Without this ability, it can be difficult to both understand what the model knows as well as to make meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Pedro Sandoval-Segura , Wallace Lawson

Prototypical-part models are a popular interpretable alternative to black-box deep learning models for computer vision. However, they are difficult to train, with high sensitivity to hyperparameter tuning, inhibiting their application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Frank Willard , Luke Moffett , Emmanuel Mokel , Jon Donnelly , Stark Guo , Julia Yang , Giyoung Kim , Alina Jade Barnett , Cynthia Rudin

One of the major challenges in machine learning nowadays is to provide predictions with not only high accuracy but also user-friendly explanations. Although in recent years we have witnessed increasingly popular use of deep neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-24 Yao Ming , Panpan Xu , Huamin Qu , Liu Ren

Part-prototype Networks (ProtoPNets) are concept-based classifiers designed to achieve the same performance as black-box models without compromising transparency. ProtoPNets compute predictions based on similarity to class-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Andrea Bontempelli , Stefano Teso , Katya Tentori , Fausto Giunchiglia , Andrea Passerini

Classifying images with an interpretable decision-making process is a long-standing problem in computer vision. In recent years, Prototypical Part Networks has gained traction as an approach for self-explainable neural networks, due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Zhijie Zhu , Lei Fan , Maurice Pagnucco , Yang Song

Explaining black-box Artificial Intelligence (AI) models is a cornerstone for trustworthy AI and a prerequisite for its use in safety critical applications such that AI models can reliably assist humans in critical decisions. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-10 Poulami Sinhamahapatra , Lena Heidemann , Maureen Monnet , Karsten Roscher

As AI systems grow more capable, it becomes increasingly important that their decisions remain understandable and aligned with human expectations. A key challenge is the limited interpretability of deep models. Post-hoc methods like GradCAM…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Mahdi Alehdaghi , Rajarshi Bhattacharya , Pourya Shamsolmoali , Rafael M. O. Cruz , Maguelonne Heritier , Eric Granger

In recent years, work has gone into developing deep interpretable methods for image classification that clearly attributes a model's output to specific features of the data. One such of these methods is the Prototypical Part Network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Aaron J. Li , Robin Netzorg , Zhihan Cheng , Zhuoqin Zhang , Bin Yu

Interpretability is a key requirement for the use of machine learning models in high-stakes applications, including medical diagnosis. Explaining black-box models mostly relies on post-hoc methods that do not faithfully reflect the model's…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Kerol Djoumessi , Bubacarr Bah , Laura Kühlewein , Philipp Berens , Lisa Koch

Prototypical part network (ProtoPNet) methods have been designed to achieve interpretable classification by associating predictions with a set of training prototypes, which we refer to as trivial prototypes because they are trained to lie…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Chong Wang , Yuyuan Liu , Yuanhong Chen , Fengbei Liu , Yu Tian , Davis J. McCarthy , Helen Frazer , Gustavo Carneiro

Species detection is important for monitoring the health of ecosystems and identifying invasive species, serving a crucial role in guiding conservation efforts. Multimodal neural networks have seen increasing use for identifying species to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Muchang Bahng , Charlie Berens , Jon Donnelly , Eric Chen , Chaofan Chen , Cynthia Rudin

When we are faced with challenging image classification tasks, we often explain our reasoning by dissecting the image, and pointing out prototypical aspects of one class or another. The mounting evidence for each of the classes helps us…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Chaofan Chen , Oscar Li , Chaofan Tao , Alina Jade Barnett , Jonathan Su , Cynthia Rudin

We present a deformable prototypical part network (Deformable ProtoPNet), an interpretable image classifier that integrates the power of deep learning and the interpretability of case-based reasoning. This model classifies input images by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Jon Donnelly , Alina Jade Barnett , Chaofan Chen

Modern neural networks rarely have a single way to be right. For many tasks, multiple models can achieve identical performance while relying on different features or reasoning patterns, a property known as the Rashomon Effect. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Shihan Feng , Cheng Zhang , Michael Xi , Ethan Hsu , Lesia Semenova , Chudi Zhong

Prototypical part network (ProtoPNet) has drawn wide attention and boosted many follow-up studies due to its self-explanatory property for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). However, when directly applying ProtoPNet on vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Mengqi Xue , Qihan Huang , Haofei Zhang , Jingwen Hu , Jie Song , Mingli Song , Canghong Jin

Today, as increasingly complex predictive models are developed, simple rule sets remain a crucial tool to obtain interpretable predictions and drive high-stakes decision making. However, a single rule set provides a partial representation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Martino Ciaperoni , Han Xiao , Aristides Gionis

Recent applications of deep convolutional neural networks in medical imaging raise concerns about their interpretability. While most explainable deep learning applications use post hoc methods (such as GradCAM) to generate feature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-17 Yuanyuan Wei , Roger Tam , Xiaoying Tang

Decision-making in complex systems often relies on machine learning models, yet highly accurate models such as XGBoost and neural networks can obscure the reasoning behind their predictions. In operations research applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Gaurav Arwade , Sigurdur Olafsson

Current machine learning models have shown high efficiency in solving a wide variety of real-world problems. However, their black box character poses a major challenge for the understanding and traceability of the underlying decision-making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Srishti Gautam , Marina M. -C. Höhne , Stine Hansen , Robert Jenssen , Michael Kampffmeyer

We introduce ProtoSeg, a novel model for interpretable semantic image segmentation, which constructs its predictions using similar patches from the training set. To achieve accuracy comparable to baseline methods, we adapt the mechanism of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Mikołaj Sacha , Dawid Rymarczyk , Łukasz Struski , Jacek Tabor , Bartosz Zieliński
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