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In any given machine learning problem, there may be many models that could explain the data almost equally well. However, most learning algorithms return only one of these models, leaving practitioners with no practical way to explore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Rui Xin , Chudi Zhong , Zhi Chen , Takuya Takagi , Margo Seltzer , Cynthia Rudin

Being able to interpret, or explain, the predictions made by a machine learning model is of fundamental importance. This is especially true when there is interest in deploying data-driven models to make high-stakes decisions, e.g. in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 An-phi Nguyen , María Rodríguez Martínez

Despite significant advances in machine learning, decision-making of artificial agents is still not perfect and often requires post-hoc human interventions. If the prediction of a model relies on unreasonable factors it is desirable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Michael Gerstenberger , Sebastian Lapuschkin , Peter Eisert , Sebastian Bosse

Rashomon sets are model sets within one model class that perform nearly as well as a reference model from the same model class. They reveal the existence of alternative well-performing models, which may support different interpretations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Fiona Katharina Ewald , Martin Binder , Matthias Feurer , Bernd Bischl , Giuseppe Casalicchio

The machine learning modeling process conventionally culminates in selecting a single model that maximizes a selected performance metric. However, this approach leads to abandoning a more profound analysis of slightly inferior models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Katarzyna Kobylińska , Mateusz Krzyziński , Rafał Machowicz , Mariusz Adamek , Przemysław Biecek

Prototype-based methods use interpretable representations to address the black-box nature of deep learning models, in contrast to post-hoc explanation methods that only approximate such models. We propose the Neural Prototype Tree…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Meike Nauta , Ron van Bree , Christin Seifert

Understanding the spatial architecture of the tumor microenvironment (TME) is critical to advance precision oncology. We present ProteinPNet, a novel framework based on prototypical part networks that discovers TME motifs from spatial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Louis McConnell , Jieran Sun , Theo Maffei , Raphael Gottardo , Marianna Rapsomaniki

Deep neural networks have achieved remarkable performance in various text-based tasks but often lack interpretability, making them less suitable for applications where transparency is critical. To address this, we propose ProtoLens, a novel…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Bowen Wei , Ziwei Zhu

Prototype models are an important method for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) and interpretable machine learning. In this paper, we perform an in-depth analysis of a set of prominent prototype models including ProtoPNet, ProtoPool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Philipp Schlinge , Steffen Meinert , Martin Atzmueller

Prototypical parts-based models offer a "this looks like that" paradigm for intrinsic interpretability, yet they typically struggle with ImageNet-scale generalization and often require computationally expensive backbone finetuning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Mikołaj Janusz , Adam Wróbel , Bartosz Zieliński , Dawid Rymarczyk

Understanding how a complex machine learning model makes a classification decision is essential for its acceptance in sensitive areas such as health care. Towards this end, we present PatchNet, a method that provides the features indicative…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Adityanarayanan Radhakrishnan , Charles Durham , Ali Soylemezoglu , Caroline Uhler

Part-prototype models are explainable-by-design image classifiers, and a promising alternative to black box AI. This paper explores the applicability and potential of interpretable machine learning, in particular PIP-Net, for automated…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Meike Nauta , Johannes H. Hegeman , Jeroen Geerdink , Jörg Schlötterer , Maurice van Keulen , Christin Seifert

Time series data is one of the most popular data modalities in critical domains such as industry and medicine. The demand for algorithms that not only exhibit high accuracy but also offer interpretability is crucial in such fields, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Bartłomiej Małkus , Szymon Bobek , Grzegorz J. Nalepa

Part-prototype networks (e.g., ProtoPNet, ProtoTree, and ProtoPool) have attracted broad research interest for their intrinsic interpretability and comparable accuracy to non-interpretable counterparts. However, recent works find that the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Qihan Huang , Mengqi Xue , Wenqi Huang , Haofei Zhang , Jie Song , Yongcheng Jing , Mingli Song

Time series models with recurrent neural networks (RNNs) can have high accuracy but are unfortunately difficult to interpret as a result of feature-interactions, temporal-interactions, and non-linear transformations. Interpretability is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Asif Rahman , Yale Chang , Jonathan Rubin

Deep neural networks that yield human interpretable decisions by architectural design have lately become an increasingly popular alternative to post hoc interpretation of traditional black-box models. Among these networks, the arguably most…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Adrian Hoffmann , Claudio Fanconi , Rahul Rade , Jonas Kohler

Mode decomposition is a prototypical pattern recognition problem that can be addressed from the (a priori distinct) perspectives of numerical approximation, statistical inference and deep learning. Could its analysis through these combined…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-08-07 Houman Owhadi , Clint Scovel , Gene Ryan Yoo

Head poses are a key component of human bodily communication and thus a decisive element of human-computer interaction. Real-time head pose estimation is crucial in the context of human-robot interaction or driver assistance systems. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Ines Rieger , Thomas Hauenstein , Sebastian Hettenkofer , Jens-Uwe Garbas

Prototypical part neural networks (ProtoPartNNs), namely PROTOPNET and its derivatives, are an intrinsically interpretable approach to machine learning. Their prototype learning scheme enables intuitive explanations of the form, this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Zachariah Carmichael , Suhas Lohit , Anoop Cherian , Michael Jones , Walter Scheirer

Robotic perception models, such as Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), are becoming more computationally intensive and there are several models being trained with accuracy and latency trade-offs. However, modern latency accuracy trade-offs largely…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-07-14 Bineet Ghosh , Masaad Khan , Adithya Ashok , Sandeep Chinchali , Parasara Sridhar Duggirala