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An automated system that could assist a judge in predicting the outcome of a case would help expedite the judicial process. For such a system to be practically useful, predictions by the system should be explainable. To promote research in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Vijit Malik , Rishabh Sanjay , Shubham Kumar Nigam , Kripa Ghosh , Shouvik Kumar Guha , Arnab Bhattacharya , Ashutosh Modi

Information retrieval, specifically contract clause retrieval, is foundational to contract drafting because lawyers rarely draft contracts from scratch; instead, they locate and revise the most relevant precedent. We introduce the Atticus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Steven H. Wang , Maksim Zubkov , Kexin Fan , Sarah Harrell , Yuyang Sun , Wei Chen , Andreas Plesner , Roger Wattenhofer

We present a Chinese judicial reading comprehension (CJRC) dataset which contains approximately 10K documents and almost 50K questions with answers. The documents come from judgment documents and the questions are annotated by law experts.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-21 Xingyi Duan , Baoxin Wang , Ziyue Wang , Wentao Ma , Yiming Cui , Dayong Wu , Shijin Wang , Ting Liu , Tianxiang Huo , Zhen Hu , Heng Wang , Zhiyuan Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong potential across legal tasks, yet the problem of legal citation prediction remains under-explored. At its core, this task demands fine-grained contextual understanding and precise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Jiuzhou Han , Paul Burgess , Ehsan Shareghi

Suicidal ideation detection is critical for real-time suicide prevention, yet its progress faces two under-explored challenges: limited language coverage and unreliable annotation practices. Most available datasets are in English, but even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Amina Dzafic , Merve Kavut , Ulya Bayram

We introduce ALARB, a dataset and suite of tasks designed to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) within the Arabic legal domain. While existing Arabic benchmarks cover some knowledge-intensive tasks such as…

Legal Article Prediction (LAP) is a critical task in legal text classification, leveraging natural language processing (NLP) techniques to automatically predict relevant legal articles based on the fact descriptions of cases. As a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Xiao Chi , Wenlin Zhong , Yiquan Wu , Wei Wang , Kun Kuang , Fei Wu , Minghui Xiong

Machine learning shows promise in predicting the outcome of legal cases, but most research has concentrated on civil law cases rather than case law systems. We identified two unique challenges in making legal case outcome predictions with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Lang Cao , Zifeng Wang , Cao Xiao , Jimeng Sun

In this paper, we give an overview of the Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) competition at Chinese AI and Law challenge (CAIL2018). This competition focuses on LJP which aims to predict the judgment results according to the given facts.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Haoxi Zhong , Chaojun Xiao , Zhipeng Guo , Cunchao Tu , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun , Yansong Feng , Xianpei Han , Zhen Hu , Heng Wang , Jianfeng Xu

Recognizing facts is the most fundamental step in making judgments, hence detecting events in the legal documents is important to legal case analysis tasks. However, existing Legal Event Detection (LED) datasets only concern incomprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Feng Yao , Chaojun Xiao , Xiaozhi Wang , Zhiyuan Liu , Lei Hou , Cunchao Tu , Juanzi Li , Yun Liu , Weixing Shen , Maosong Sun

Legal practitioners, particularly those early in their careers, face complex, high-stakes tasks that require adaptive, context-sensitive reasoning. While AI holds promise in supporting legal work, current datasets and models are narrowly…

Evaluating the quality of search, ranking and RAG systems traditionally requires a significant number of human relevance annotations. In recent times, several deployed systems have explored the usage of Large Language Models (LLMs) as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Abhishek Divekar , Anirban Majumder

Legal rules encompass not only codified statutes but also implicit adjudicatory principles derived from precedents that contain discretionary norms, social morality, and policy. While computational legal research has advanced in applying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Wei Fan , Tianshi Zheng , Yiran Hu , Zheye Deng , Weiqi Wang , Baixuan Xu , Chunyang Li , Haoran Li , Weixing Shen , Yangqiu Song

The legal landscape encompasses a wide array of lawsuit types, presenting lawyers with challenges in delivering timely and accurate information to clients, particularly concerning critical aspects like potential imprisonment duration or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jia-Hong Huang , Chao-Chun Yang , Yixian Shen , Alessio M. Pacces , Evangelos Kanoulas

Legal judgment prediction (LJP) aims to predict judicial outcomes from case facts and typically includes law article, charge, and sentencing prediction. While recent methods perform well on the first two subtasks, legal sentencing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Junjie Chen , Haitao Li , Qilei Zhang , Zhenghua Li , Ya Zhang , Quan Zhou , Cheng Luo , Yiqun Liu , Dongsheng Guo , Qingyao Ai

Despite growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) to automate annotation, their effectiveness in complex, nuanced, and multi-dimensional labelling tasks remains relatively underexplored. This study focuses on annotation for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Leila Tavakoli , Hamed Zamani

Recent years have witnessed the prosperity of legal artificial intelligence with the development of technologies. In this paper, we propose a novel legal application of legal provision prediction (LPP), which aims to predict the related…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Luoqiu Li , Zhen Bi , Hongbin Ye , Shumin Deng , Hui Chen , Huaixiao Tou

In recent years,the entire field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) has enjoyed amazing novel results achieving almost human-like performance on a variety of tasks. Legal NLP domain has also been part of this process, as it has seen an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Mihai Masala , Traian Rebedea , Horia Velicu

In populous countries, pending legal cases have been growing exponentially. There is a need for developing NLP-based techniques for processing and automatically understanding legal documents. To promote research in the area of Legal NLP we…

Automatic legal judgment prediction and its explanation suffer from the problem of long case documents exceeding tens of thousands of words, in general, and having a non-uniform structure. Predicting judgments from such documents and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufik Dkaki