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In legal document writing, one of the key elements is properly citing the case laws and other sources to substantiate claims and arguments. Understanding the legal domain and identifying appropriate citation context or cite-worthy sentences…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Mann Khatri , Pritish Wadhwa , Gitansh Satija , Reshma Sheik , Yaman Kumar , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Ponnurangam Kumaraguru

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) has become an increasingly crucial task in Legal AI, i.e., predicting the judgment of the case in terms of case fact description. Precedents are the previous legal cases with similar facts, which are the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Yiquan Wu , Siying Zhou , Yifei Liu , Weiming Lu , Xiaozhong Liu , Yating Zhang , Changlong Sun , Fei Wu , Kun Kuang

Annotation and classification of legal text are central components of empirical legal research. Traditionally, these tasks are often delegated to trained research assistants. Motivated by the advances in language modeling, empirical legal…

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) has emerged as a key area in AI for law, aiming to automate judicial outcome forecasting and enhance interpretability in legal reasoning. While previous approaches in the Indian context have relied on…

Deep learning has made significant progress in the past decade, and demonstrates potential to solve problems with extensive social impact. In high-stakes decision making areas such as law, experts often require interpretability for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Chu Fei Luo , Rohan Bhambhoria , Samuel Dahan , Xiaodan Zhu

Determining which legal cases are relevant to a given query involves navigating lengthy texts and applying nuanced legal reasoning. Traditionally, this task has demanded significant time and domain expertise to identify key Legal Facts and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Shengjie Ma , Qi Chu , Jiaxin Mao , Xuhui Jiang , Haozhe Duan , Chong Chen

Generative language models (LMs) are increasingly used for document class-prediction tasks and promise enormous improvements in cost and efficiency. Existing research often examines simple classification tasks, but the capability of LMs to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Rosamond Thalken , Edward H. Stiglitz , David Mimno , Matthew Wilkens

Legal Judgment Prediction is one of the most acclaimed fields for the combined area of NLP, AI, and Law. By legal prediction we mean an intelligent systems capable to predict specific judicial characteristics, such as judicial outcome, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Vithor Gomes Ferreira Bertalan , Evandro Eduardo Seron Ruiz

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) aims to predict the outcomes of legal cases based on factual descriptions, serving as a fundamental task to advance the development of legal systems. Traditional methods often rely on statistical analyses or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Zhaolu Kang , Junhao Gong , Qingxi Chen , Hao Zhang , Jiaxin Liu , Rong Fu , Zhiyuan Feng , Yuan Wang , Simon Fong , Kaiyue Zhou

Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is a fundamental task of legal artificial intelligence, aiming to automatically predict the judgment outcomes of legal cases. Existing LJP models primarily focus on identifying legal triggers within criminal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Buqiang Xu , Xin Dai , Zhenghao Liu , Huiyuan Xie , Xiaoyuan Yi , Shuo Wang , Yukun Yan , Liner Yang , Yu Gu , Ge Yu

As AI models tackle increasingly complex problems, ensuring reliable human oversight becomes more challenging due to the difficulty of verifying solutions. Approaches to scaling AI supervision include debate, in which two agents engage in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Gabriel Recchia , Chatrik Singh Mangat , Issac Li , Gayatri Krishnakumar

Legal judgment prediction is the task of automatically predicting the outcome of a court case, given a text describing the case's facts. Previous work on using neural models for this task has focused on Chinese; only feature-based models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-06 Ilias Chalkidis , Ion Androutsopoulos , Nikolaos Aletras

In the rapidly evolving field of legal analytics, finding relevant cases and accurately predicting judicial outcomes are challenging because of the complexity of legal language, which often includes specialized terminology, complex syntax,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Dong Shu , Haoran Zhao , Xukun Liu , David Demeter , Mengnan Du , Yongfeng Zhang

The Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP) is to determine judgment results based on the fact descriptions of the cases. LJP usually consists of multiple subtasks, such as applicable law articles prediction, charges prediction, and the term of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Wenmian Yang , Weijia Jia , XIaojie Zhou , Yutao Luo

In legal practice, judges apply the trichotomous dogmatics of criminal law, sequentially assessing the elements of the offense, unlawfulness, and culpability to determine whether an individual's conduct constitutes a crime. Although current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Kepu Zhang , Haoyue Yang , Xu Tang , Weijie Yu , Jun Xu

This paper presents the first dataset for Japanese Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP), the Japanese Tort-case Dataset (JTD), which features two tasks: tort prediction and its rationale extraction. The rationale extraction task identifies the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Hiroaki Yamada , Takenobu Tokunaga , Ryutaro Ohara , Akira Tokutsu , Keisuke Takeshita , Mihoko Sumida

The application of AI tools to the legal field feels natural: large legal document collections could be used with specialized AI to improve workflow efficiency for lawyers and ameliorate the "justice gap" for underserved clients. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Allison Koenecke , Jed Stiglitz , David Mimno , Matthew Wilkens

As a pivotal task in natural language processing, element extraction has gained significance in the legal domain. Extracting legal elements from judicial documents helps enhance interpretative and analytical capacities of legal cases, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Xue Zongyue , Liu Huanghai , Hu Yiran , Kong Kangle , Wang Chenlu , Liu Yun , Shen Weixing

In many jurisdictions, the excessive workload of courts leads to high delays. Suitable predictive AI models can assist legal professionals in their work, and thus enhance and speed up the process. So far, Legal Judgment Prediction (LJP)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Joel Niklaus , Ilias Chalkidis , Matthias Stürmer

Legal judgment prediction offers a compelling method to aid legal practitioners and researchers. However, the research question remains relatively under-explored: Should multiple defendants and charges be treated separately in LJP? To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Xiao Wang , Jiahuan Pei , Diancheng Shui , Zhiguang Han , Xin Sun , Dawei Zhu , Xiaoyu Shen