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Increasing the utility of currently available Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices requires developing efficient methods to mitigate hardware errors. In this work we propose a novel Cyclic Layout Permutations based Zero Noise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Zahar Sayapin , Daniil Rabinovich , Nikita Korolev , Kirill Lakhmanskiy

A long-standing challenge in quantum computing is developing technologies to overcome the inevitable noise in qubits. To enable meaningful applications in the early stages of fault-tolerant quantum computing, devising methods to suppress…

A widely used method for mitigating errors in noisy quantum computers is Richardson extrapolation, a technique in which the overall effect of noise on the estimation of quantum expectation values is captured by a single parameter that,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-23 Vincent Russo , Andrea Mari

Zero-noise extrapolation is a quantum error mitigation technique that has typically been studied under the ideal approximation that the noise acting on a quantum device is not time-correlated. In this work, we investigate the feasibility…

Zero-noise extrapolation (ZNE) reduces noise-induced bias but can increase sampling variance through Richardson coefficients and shot splitting. We define a finite-shot help-harm boundary: the lower local mean-squared-error crossing where…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Vicenzo Scavino Alfaro

Quantum error mitigation is a key concept for the development of practical applications based on current noisy intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) devices. One of the most promising methods is Richardson extrapolation to the zero noise limit.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-04 Michael Krebsbach , Björn Trauzettel , Alessio Calzona

A common approach to deal with gate errors in modern quantum-computing hardware is zero-noise extrapolation. By artificially amplifying errors and extrapolating the expectation values obtained with different error strengths towards the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-29 Kathrin F. Koenig , Finn Reinecke , Walter Hahn , Thomas Wellens

The performance of Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) codes, an approach to hardware-efficient quantum error correction, is limited by the finite squeezing capabilities of current experimental platforms. To circumvent this hardware demand, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-04 Gui-Zhong Luo , Matthew Otten

Variational quantum circuits (VQCs) solving partial differential equations (PDEs) on near-term quantum hardware face a critical challenge: hardware noise degrades solution fidelity and disrupts convergence. We present a systematic study of…

Quantum Error Mitigation (QEM) presents a promising near-term approach to reduce error when estimating expectation values in quantum computing. Here, we introduce QEM techniques tailored for quantum annealing, using Zero-Noise Extrapolation…

The recently developed Projective Quantum Eigensolver (PQE) offers an elegant procedure to evaluate the ground state energies of molecular systems on quantum computers. However, the noise in available quantum hardware can result in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-10 Chinmay Shrikhande , Sonaldeep Halder , Rahul Maitra

Noise in quantum hardware remains the biggest roadblock for the implementation of quantum computers. To fight the noise in the practical application of near-term quantum computers, instead of relying on quantum error correction which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-14 Zhenyu Cai

Understanding the effects of noise on quantum computations is fundamental to the development of quantum hardware and quantum algorithms. Simulation tools are essential for quantitatively modelling these effects, yet unless artificial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-07 Anthony P. Thompson , Arie Soeteman , Chris Cade , Ido Niesen

The pursuit of practical quantum utility on near-term quantum processors is critically challenged by their inherent noise. Quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques are leading solutions to improve computation fidelity with relatively low…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-11 Wei-You Liao , Ge Yan , Yujin Song , Tian-Ci Tian , Wei-Ming Zhu , De-Tao Jiang , Yuxuan Du , He-Liang Huang

Partial quantum error correction and quantum error mitigation are expected to coexist in the pre-fault-tolerant regime, yet the resource advantage of combining them remains insufficiently quantified. We study zero-noise extrapolation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-17 D. V. Babukhin , W. V. Pogosov

Zero-noise extrapolation provides a practical means of suppressing gate errors in current noisy intermediate-scale quantum hardware. The accuracy of the zero-noise estimate depends sensitively on the fidelity of the assumed noise model to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Tao Wang , Yun Shang

Quantum error mitigation (QEM) is essential for the noisy intermediate-scale quantum era, and will remain relevant for early fault-tolerant quantum computers, where logical error rates are still significant. However, most QEM methods incur…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Pablo Díez-Valle , Gaurav Saxena , Jack S. Baker , Jun-Ho Lee , Thi Ha Kyaw

Pauli Check Sandwiching (PCS) is an error detection scheme that protects quantum circuits by inserting pairs of parity checks and discarding runs that signal errors. However, each additional check introduces noise and exponentially…

Errors are the primary bottleneck preventing practical quantum computing. This challenge is exacerbated in the distributed quantum computing regime, where quantum networks introduce additional communication-induced noise. While error…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Maria Gragera Garces

We propose a quantum error mitigation strategy for the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) algorithm. We find, via numerical simulation, that very small amounts of coherent noise in VQE can cause substantially large errors that are…