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Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used for tasks such as natural language and code generation, but their outputs often suffer from issues like hallucination, toxicity, and incorrect results. Current libraries for structured LLM…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shubham Ugare , Rohan Gumaste , Tarun Suresh , Gagandeep Singh , Sasa Misailovic

Stable Diffusion revolutionised image creation from descriptive text. GPT-2, GPT-3(.5) and GPT-4 demonstrated astonishing performance across a variety of language tasks. ChatGPT introduced such language models to the general public. It is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Ilia Shumailov , Zakhar Shumaylov , Yiren Zhao , Yarin Gal , Nicolas Papernot , Ross Anderson

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely used to support ideation in the writing process. However, whether generating ideas with the help of LLMs leads to idea fixation or idea expansion is unclear. This study examines how different…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Peinuan Qin , Chi-Lan Yang , Jingshu Li , Jing Wen , Yi-Chieh Lee

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) across diverse AI applications is proof of the outstanding achievements obtained in several tasks, such as text mining, text generation, and question answering. However, LLMs are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Alessandro Bruno , Pier Luigi Mazzeo , Aladine Chetouani , Marouane Tliba , Mohamed Amine Kerkouri

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in reasoning, positioning them as promising tools for supporting human problem-solving. However, what happens when their performance is affected by misinformation, i.e.,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Yiyang Feng , Yichen Wang , Shaobo Cui , Boi Faltings , Mina Lee , Jiawei Zhou

Generative Language Models (GLMs) have the potential to significantly shape our linguistic landscape due to their expansive use in various digital applications. However, this widespread adoption might inadvertently trigger a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Minhyeok Lee

The training and deployment of large language models (LLMs) create a feedback loop with human users: models learn human beliefs from data, reinforce these beliefs with generated content, reabsorb the reinforced beliefs, and feed them back…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Tianyi Alex Qiu , Zhonghao He , Tejasveer Chugh , Max Kleiman-Weiner

Automated disinformation generation is often listed as an important risk associated with large language models (LLMs). The theoretical ability to flood the information space with disinformation content might have dramatic consequences for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Ivan Vykopal , Matúš Pikuliak , Ivan Srba , Robert Moro , Dominik Macko , Maria Bielikova

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into a variety of writing tasks. While these tools can help people by generating ideas or producing higher quality work, like many other AI tools they may risk causing a variety of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Kowe Kadoma , Danaé Metaxa , Mor Naaman

The advent of generative Large Language Models (LLMs) such as ChatGPT has catalyzed transformative advancements across multiple domains. However, alongside these advancements, they have also introduced potential threats. One critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Bohan Jiang , Zhen Tan , Ayushi Nirmal , Huan Liu

The practice of Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), which integrates Large Language Models (LLMs) with retrieval systems, has become increasingly prevalent. However, the repercussions of LLM-derived content infiltrating the web and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Xiaoyang Chen , Ben He , Hongyu Lin , Xianpei Han , Tianshu Wang , Boxi Cao , Le Sun , Yingfei Sun

This paper investigates the propagation of harmful information in multilingual large language models (LLMs) and evaluates the efficacy of various unlearning methods. We demonstrate that fake information, regardless of the language it is in,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Taiming Lu , Philipp Koehn

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are nondeterministic, the same input can generate different outputs, some of which may be incorrect or hallucinated. If run again, the LLM may correct itself and produce the correct answer. Unfortunately,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Yoonjoo Lee , Kihoon Son , Tae Soo Kim , Jisu Kim , John Joon Young Chung , Eytan Adar , Juho Kim

This paper is under review in AI and Ethics This study examines whether large language models (LLMs) can reliably answer scientific questions and demonstrates how easily they can be influenced by fringe scientific material. The authors…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Harry Collins , Hartmut Grote , Paul Newbury , Patrick Sutton , Simon Thorne

This paper explores the evolving relationship between clinician trust in LLMs, the transformation of data sources from predominantly human-generated to AI-generated content, and the subsequent impact on the precision of LLMs and clinician…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Avishek Choudhury , Zaria Chaudhry

Large Language Models (LLMs) that undergo recursive training on synthetically generated data are susceptible to model collapse, a phenomenon marked by the generation of meaningless output. Existing research has examined this issue from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Konstantinos F. Xylogiannopoulos , Petros Xanthopoulos , Panagiotis Karampelas , Georgios A. Bakamitsos

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit a gap between their internal knowledge and their explicit linguistic outputs. In this report, we empirically investigate whether Looped Transformers (LTs)--architectures that increase computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Guanxu Chen , Dongrui Liu , Jing Shao

Large language models (LLMs) are used by over a billion people globally, most often to assist with writing. In this work, we demonstrate that LLMs not only alter the voice and tone of human writing, but also consistently alter the intended…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Marwa Abdulhai , Isadora White , Yanming Wan , Ibrahim Qureshi , Joel Leibo , Max Kleiman-Weiner , Natasha Jaques

Large Language Models (LLMs), AI-driven models that can achieve general-purpose language understanding and generation, have emerged as a transformative force, revolutionizing fields well beyond Natural Language Processing (NLP) and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Ali Maatouk , Nicola Piovesan , Fadhel Ayed , Antonio De Domenico , Merouane Debbah

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have brought public and scholarly attention to their potential in generating low-quality information. While widely acknowledged as a risk, low-quality information remains a vaguely defined…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Jiawei Zhou , Amy Z. Chen , Darshi Shah , Laura M. Schwab-Reese , Munmun De Choudhury