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Online learning in arbitrary, and possibly adversarial, environments has been extensively studied in sequential decision-making, and it is closely connected to equilibrium computation in game theory. Most existing online learning algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Mingyang Liu , Yongshan Chen , Zhiyuan Fan , Gabriele Farina , Asuman Ozdaglar , Kaiqing Zhang

Bayesian games model interactive decision-making where players have incomplete information -- e.g., regarding payoffs and private data on players' strategies and preferences -- and must actively reason and update their belief models (with…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zuyuan Zhang , Mahdi Imani , Tian Lan

Calibrated strategies can be obtained by performing strategies that have no internal regret in some auxiliary game. Such strategies can be constructed explicitly with the use of Blackwell's approachability theorem, in an other auxiliary…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2010-07-28 Vianney Perchet

Partial monitoring is a general model for sequential learning with limited feedback formalized as a game between two players. In this game, the learner chooses an action and at the same time the opponent chooses an outcome, then the learner…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-01 Junpei Komiyama , Junya Honda , Hiroshi Nakagawa

We study the problem of making predictions of an adversarially chosen high-dimensional state that are unbiased subject to an arbitrary collection of conditioning events, with the goal of tailoring these events to downstream decision makers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Georgy Noarov , Ramya Ramalingam , Aaron Roth , Stephan Xie

This work studies external regret in sequential prediction games with both positive and negative payoffs. External regret measures the difference between the payoff obtained by the forecasting strategy and the payoff of the best action. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Nicolo Cesa-Bianchi , Yishay Mansour , Gilles Stoltz

We study learning in a dynamically evolving environment modeled as a Markov game between a learner and a strategic opponent that can adapt to the learner's strategies. While most existing works in Markov games focus on external regret as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Thanh Nguyen-Tang , Raman Arora

Many online decision problems over combinatorial actions are addressed via convex relaxations, leading to online convex optimization with piecewise linear objectives and induced polyhedral structure. We show that regret in such problems is…

Robot decision-making increasingly relies on data-driven human prediction models when operating around people. While these models are known to mispredict in out-of-distribution interactions, only a subset of prediction errors impact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Kensuke Nakamura , Ran Tian , Andrea Bajcsy

Extensive-form games are a common model for multiagent interactions with imperfect information. In two-player zero-sum games, the typical solution concept is a Nash equilibrium over the unconstrained strategy set for each player. In many…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Trevor Davis , Kevin Waugh , Michael Bowling

We study online learning in Bayesian Stackelberg games, where a leader repeatedly interacts with a follower whose unknown private type is independently drawn at each round from an unknown probability distribution. The goal is to design…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Matteo Bollini , Francesco Bacchiocchi , Samuel Coutts , Matteo Castiglioni , Alberto Marchesi

This paper examines multiplayer symmetric constant-sum games with more than two players in a competitive setting, including examples like Mahjong, Poker, and various board and video games. In contrast to two-player zero-sum games,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Jiawei Ge , Yuanhao Wang , Wenzhe Li , Chi Jin

Counterfactual regret minimization (CFR) is a family of iterative algorithms that are the most popular and, in practice, fastest approach to approximately solving large imperfect-information games. In this paper we introduce novel CFR…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2019-02-22 Noam Brown , Tuomas Sandholm

Self-play, where the algorithm learns by playing against itself without requiring any direct supervision, has become the new weapon in modern Reinforcement Learning (RL) for achieving superhuman performance in practice. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Yu Bai , Chi Jin

We study bandit learning in matching markets with two-sided reward uncertainty, extending prior research primarily focused on single-sided uncertainty. Leveraging the concept of `super-stability' from Irving (1994), we demonstrate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Soumya Basu

$\Phi$-equilibria -- and the associated notion of $\Phi$-regret -- are a powerful and flexible framework at the heart of online learning and game theory, whereby enriching the set of deviations $\Phi$ begets stronger notions of rationality.…

Universal online learning aims to achieve optimal regret guarantees without requiring prior knowledge of the curvature of online functions. Existing methods have established minimax-optimal regret bounds for universal online learning, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Peng Zhao , Yu-Hu Yan , Hang Yu , Zhi-Hua Zhou

Regret minimization methods are a powerful tool for learning approximate Nash equilibrium (NE) in two-player zero-sum imperfect information extensive-form games (IIEGs). We consider the problem in the interactive bandit-feedback setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Linjian Meng , Yang Gao

Recent advances, such as RegretNet, ALGnet, RegretFormer and CITransNet, use deep learning to approximate optimal multi item auctions by relaxing incentive compatibility (IC) and measuring its violation via ex post regret. However, the true…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shuyuan You , Zhiqiang Zhuang , Kewen Wang , Zhe Wang

Hindsight rationality is an approach to playing general-sum games that prescribes no-regret learning dynamics for individual agents with respect to a set of deviations, and further describes jointly rational behavior among multiple agents…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Dustin Morrill , Ryan D'Orazio , Marc Lanctot , James R. Wright , Michael Bowling , Amy R. Greenwald
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