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We study offline multi-agent reinforcement learning (RL) in Markov games, where the goal is to learn an approximate equilibrium -- such as Nash equilibrium and (Coarse) Correlated Equilibrium -- from an offline dataset pre-collected from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Yuheng Zhang , Yu Bai , Nan Jiang

Recent advances at the intersection of dense large graph limits and mean field games have begun to enable the scalable analysis of a broad class of dynamical sequential games with large numbers of agents. So far, results have been largely…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Kai Cui , Heinz Koeppl

In this paper, we investigate a competitive market involving two agents who consider both their own wealth and the wealth gap with their opponent. Both agents can invest in a financial market consisting of a risk-free asset and a risky…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-10 Junyi Guo , Xia Han , Hao Wang , Kam Chuen Yuen

Synthesis of finite-state controllers from high-level specifications in multi-agent systems can be reduced to solving multi-player concurrent games over finite graphs. The complexity of solving such games with qualitative objectives for…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Shaull Almagor , Rajeev Alur , Suguman Bansal

Decoding how rational agents should behave in shared systems remains a critical challenge within theoretical computer science, artificial intelligence and economics studies. Central to this challenge is the task of computing the solution…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Dongge Wang , Xiang Yan , Zehao Dou , Wenhan Huang , Yaodong Yang , Xiaotie Deng

This paper studies a linear-quadratic mean-field game of stochastic large-population system, where the large-population system satisfies a class of $N$ weakly coupled linear backward stochastic differential equation. Different from the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-12-02 Yu Si , Jingtao Shi

Finding Nash equilibria in two-player zero-sum continuous games is a central problem in machine learning, e.g. for training both GANs and robust models. The existence of pure Nash equilibria requires strong conditions which are not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Carles Domingo-Enrich , Samy Jelassi , Arthur Mensch , Grant Rotskoff , Joan Bruna

This paper studies social optima and Nash games for mean field linear quadratic control systems, where subsystems are coupled via dynamics and individual costs. For the social control problem, we first obtain a set of forward-backward…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-17 Bingchang Wang , Huanshui Zhang

This paper studies the discrete-time linear-quadratic-Gaussian mean field (MF) social control problem in an infinite horizon, where the dynamics of all agents are unknown. The objective is to design a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-05 Hanfang Zhang , Bing-Chang Wang , Shuo Chen

Feedback Nash equilibrium strategies in multi-agent dynamic games require availability of all players' state information to compute control actions. However, in real-world scenarios, sensing and communication limitations between agents make…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Xinjie Liu , Jingqi Li , Filippos Fotiadis , Mustafa O. Karabag , Jesse Milzman , David Fridovich-Keil , Ufuk Topcu

Model-free learning for multi-agent stochastic games is an active area of research. Existing reinforcement learning algorithms, however, are often restricted to zero-sum games, and are applicable only in small state-action spaces or other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Philippe Casgrain , Brian Ning , Sebastian Jaimungal

This paper delves into studying the differences and connections between open-loop and closed-loop strategies for the linear quadratic (LQ) mean field games (MFGs) by the direct approach. The investigation begins with the finite-population…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Yong Liang , Bing-Chang Wang , Huanshui Zhang

This paper is concerned with a class of linear-quadratic stochastic large-population problems with partial information, where the individual agent only has access to a noisy observation process related to the state. The dynamics of each…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-20 Min Li , Na Li , Zhen Wu

The paper is concerned with a zero-sum Stackelberg stochastic linear-quadratic (LQ, for short) differential game over finite horizons. Under a fairly weak condition, the Stackelberg equilibrium is explicitly obtained by first solving a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-05 Jingrui Sun , Hanxiao Wang , Jiaqiang Wen

In this work, we study the sample complexity of obtaining a Nash equilibrium (NE) estimate in two-player zero-sum matrix games with noisy feedback. Specifically, we propose a novel algorithm that repeatedly solves linear programs (LPs) to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-16 Jiashuo Jiang , Mengxiao Zhang

The approximation of mixed Nash equilibria (MNE) for zero-sum games with mean-field interacting players has recently raised much interest in machine learning. In this paper we propose a mean-field gradient descent dynamics for finding the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Yulong Lu , Pierre Monmarché

Mean field game (MFG) systems consisting of a major agent and a large number of minor agents were introduced in (Huang, 2010) in an LQG setup. The Nash certainty equivalence was used to obtain a Markovian closed-loop Nash equilibrium for…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-10-19 Dena Firoozi

Dynamic games provide a fundamental framework for multi-agent decision-making over time, yet computing feedback Nash equilibria (FNEs) in infinite-horizon discrete-time linear-quadratic (LQ) settings remains computationally challenging.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-11 Shengyuan Huang , Xiaoguang Yang , Yifen Mu , Wenjun Mei

This paper is concerned with a new class of mean-field games which involve a finite number of agents. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained for the existence of the decentralized open-loop Nash equilibrium in terms of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-06-14 Bing-Chang Wang , Huanshui Zhang , Minyue Fu , Yong Liang

An open problem in linear quadratic (LQ) games has been characterizing the Nash equilibria. This problem has renewed relevance given the surge of work on understanding the convergence of learning algorithms in dynamic games. This paper…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Giulio Salizzoni , Reda Ouhamma , Maryam Kamgarpour