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Video-based multimodal large language models (V-MLLMs) have shown vulnerability to adversarial examples in video-text multimodal tasks. However, the transferability of adversarial videos to unseen models - a common and practical real-world…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Linhao Huang , Xue Jiang , Zhiqiang Wang , Wentao Mo , Xi Xiao , Yong-Jie Yin , Bo Han , Feng Zheng

Vision-Large-Language-Models (Vision-LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into autonomous driving (AD) systems due to their advanced visual-language reasoning capabilities, targeting the perception, prediction, planning, and control…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Nhat Chung , Sensen Gao , Tuan-Anh Vu , Jie Zhang , Aishan Liu , Yun Lin , Jin Song Dong , Qing Guo

We introduce the Adversarial Confusion Attack, a new class of threats against multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Unlike jailbreaks or targeted misclassification, the goal is to induce systematic disruption that makes the model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Artur Janicki

With the advent of Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs), new attack vectors, such as cognitive bias, prompt injection, and jailbreaking, have emerged. Understanding these attacks promotes system robustness improvement and neural networks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chiyu Zhang , Lu Zhou , Xiaogang Xu , Jiafei Wu , Zhe Liu

The emergence of vision-language-action models (VLAs) for end-to-end control is reshaping the field of robotics by enabling the fusion of multimodal sensory inputs at the billion-parameter scale. The capabilities of VLAs stem primarily from…

While vision-language pre-training model (VLP) has shown revolutionary improvements on various vision-language (V+L) tasks, the studies regarding its adversarial robustness remain largely unexplored. This paper studied the adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Jiaming Zhang , Qi Yi , Jitao Sang

Although multimodal large language models (MLLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, their instruction-following behavior leaves them vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. Existing prompt injection methods predominantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Meiwen Ding , Song Xia , Chenqi Kong , Xudong Jiang

In this work, we introduce LLaDA-V, a purely diffusion-based Multimodal Large Language Model (MLLM) that integrates visual instruction tuning with masked diffusion models, representing a departure from the autoregressive paradigms dominant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zebin You , Shen Nie , Xiaolu Zhang , Jun Hu , Jun Zhou , Zhiwu Lu , Ji-Rong Wen , Chongxuan Li

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in integrating vision into Large Language Models (LLMs), exemplified by Visual Language Models (VLMs) such as Flamingo and GPT-4. This paper sheds light on the security and safety implications of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Xiangyu Qi , Kaixuan Huang , Ashwinee Panda , Peter Henderson , Mengdi Wang , Prateek Mittal

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate exceptional performance in cross-modality interaction, yet they also suffer adversarial vulnerabilities. In particular, the transferability of adversarial examples remains an ongoing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Hao Cheng , Erjia Xiao , Jiayan Yang , Jinhao Duan , Yichi Wang , Jiahang Cao , Qiang Zhang , Le Yang , Kaidi Xu , Jindong Gu , Renjing Xu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models enable robots to interpret natural-language instructions and perform diverse tasks, yet their integration of perception, language, and control introduces new safety vulnerabilities. Despite growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Jiayu Li , Yunhan Zhao , Xiang Zheng , Zonghuan Xu , Yige Li , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

In typical multimodal tasks, such as Visual Question Answering (VQA), adversarial attacks targeting a specific image and question can lead large vision-language models (LVLMs) to provide incorrect answers. However, it is common for a single…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Yudong Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Jiansheng Chen , Xingwu Sun , Zhanhui Kang , Yu Wang

In recent years, Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models in embodied intelligence have developed rapidly. However, existing adversarial attack methods require costly end-to-end training and often generate noticeable perturbation patches. To…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Naifu Zhang , Wei Tao , Xi Xiao , Qianpu Sun , Yuxin Zheng , Wentao Mo , Peiqiang Wang , Nan Zhang

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), which bridge the gap between audio-visual and natural language processing, achieve state-of-the-art performance on several audio-visual tasks. Despite the superior performance of MLLMs, the scarcity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Jinming Wen , Xinyi Wu , Shuai Zhao , Yanhao Jia , Yuwen Li

Visual language pre-training (VLP) models have demonstrated significant success across various domains, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial attacks. Addressing these adversarial vulnerabilities is crucial for enhancing security in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Dehong Kong , Siyuan Liang , Xiaopeng Zhu , Yuansheng Zhong , Wenqi Ren

The growing misuse of Vision-Language Models (VLMs) has led providers to deploy multiple safeguards, including alignment tuning, system prompts, and content moderation. However, the real-world robustness of these defenses against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Yijun Yang , Lichao Wang , Jianping Zhang , Chi Harold Liu , Lanqing Hong , Qiang Xu

Benefiting from the powerful capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), pre-trained visual encoder models connected to an LLMs can realize Vision Language Models (VLMs). However, existing research shows that the visual modality of VLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zhendong Liu , Yuanbi Nie , Yingshui Tan , Xiangyu Yue , Qiushi Cui , Chongjun Wang , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng

Multi-turn jailbreak attacks have proven effective against text-only large language models (LLMs), where malicious content is gradually introduced to bypass safety alignment. However, effectively extending such attacks to large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 In Chong Choi , Jiacheng Zhang , Feng Liu , Yiliao Song

Current adversarial attacks for evaluating the robustness of vision-language pre-trained (VLP) models in multi-modal tasks suffer from limited transferability, where attacks crafted for a specific model often struggle to generalize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Peng-Fei Zhang , Guangdong Bai , Zi Huang

Recent advancements indicate that scaling up Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) effectively enhances performance on downstream multimodal tasks. The prevailing MLLM paradigm, \emph{e.g.}, LLaVA, transforms visual features into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Wenqiao Zhang , Tianwei Lin , Jiang Liu , Fangxun Shu , Haoyuan Li , Lei Zhang , He Wanggui , Hao Zhou , Zheqi Lv , Hao Jiang , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang