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Related papers: Scaffolding Empathy: Training Counselors with Simu…

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High-quality, multi-turn instructional dialogues between novices and experts are essential for developing AI systems that support teaching, learning, and decision-making. These dialogues often involve scaffolding -- the process by which an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Si Chen , Izzy Molnar , Ting Hua , Peiyu Li , Le Huy Khiem , G. Alex Ambrose , Jim Lang , Ronald Metoyer , Nitesh V. Chawla

Social skills training targets behaviors necessary for success in social interactions. However, traditional classroom training for such skills is often insufficient to teach effective communication -- one-to-one interaction in real-world…

Realistic practice and tailored feedback are key processes for training peer counselors with clinical skills. However, existing mechanisms of providing feedback largely rely on human supervision. Peer counselors often lack mechanisms to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Alicja Chaszczewicz , Raj Sanjay Shah , Ryan Louie , Bruce A Arnow , Robert Kraut , Diyi Yang

In this work, we present a new dataset and a computational strategy for a digital coach that aims to guide users in practicing the protocols of self-attachment therapy. Our framework augments a rule-based conversational agent with a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Lisa Alazraki , Ali Ghachem , Neophytos Polydorou , Foaad Khosmood , Abbas Edalat

With the growing prevalence of psychological interventions, it is vital to have measures which rate the effectiveness of psychological care to assist in training, supervision, and quality assurance of services. Traditionally, quality…

Counseling is usually conducted through spoken conversation between a therapist and a client. The empathy level of therapist is a key indicator of outcomes. Presuming that therapist's empathy expression is shaped by their past behavior and…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-05 Dehua Tao , Tan Lee , Harold Chui , Sarah Luk

Current AI counseling systems struggle with maintaining effective long-term client engagement. Through formative research with counselors and a systematic literature review, we identified five key design considerations for AI counseling…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Yuanrong Tang , Yu Kang , Yifan Wang , Tianhong Wang , Chen Zhong , Jiangtao Gong

As the recent Large Language Models(LLM's) become increasingly competent in zero-shot and few-shot reasoning across various domains, educators are showing a growing interest in leveraging these LLM's in conversation-based tutoring systems.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-22 Minju Park , Sojung Kim , Seunghyun Lee , Soonwoo Kwon , Kyuseok Kim

Understanding clients' thoughts and beliefs is fundamental in counseling, yet current evaluations of LLM therapists often fail to assess this ability. Existing evaluation methods rely on client simulators that clearly disclose internal…

Empathy is a vital factor that contributes to mutual understanding, and joint problem-solving. In recent years, a growing number of studies have recognized the benefits of empathy and started to incorporate empathy in conversational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Aravind Sesagiri Raamkumar , Yinping Yang

Traditional in-person psychological counseling remains primarily niche, often chosen by individuals with psychological issues, while online automated counseling offers a potential solution for those hesitant to seek help due to feelings of…

Large language models (LLMs) offer emerging opportunities for psychological and behavioral research, but methodological guidance is lacking. This article provides a framework for using LLMs as psychological simulators across two primary…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zhicheng Lin

The increasing demand for mental health services has highlighted the need for innovative solutions, particularly in the realm of psychological conversational AI, where the availability of sensitive data is scarce. In this work, we explored…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Alessandro De Grandi , Federico Ravenda , Andrea Raballo , Fabio Crestani

Large language models (LLMs) are being used as ad-hoc therapists. Research suggests that LLMs outperform human counselors when generating a single, isolated empathetic response; however, their session-level behavior remains understudied. In…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Zainab Iftikhar , Sean Ransom , Amy Xiao , Nicole Nugent , Jeff Huang

Counseling is an activity of conversational speaking between a therapist and a client. Therapist empathy is an essential indicator of counseling quality and assessed subjectively by considering the entire conversation. This paper proposes…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-05 Dehua Tao , Tan Lee , Harold Chui , Sarah Luk

Online peer-to-peer support platforms enable conversations between millions of people who seek and provide mental health support. If successful, web-based mental health conversations could improve access to treatment and reduce the global…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-18 Ashish Sharma , Inna W. Lin , Adam S. Miner , David C. Atkins , Tim Althoff

Assistive agents should not only take actions on behalf of a human, but also step out of the way and cede control when there are important decisions to be made. However, current methods for building assistive agents, whether via mimicking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Evan Ellis , Vivek Myers , Jens Tuyls , Sergey Levine , Anca Dragan , Benjamin Eysenbach

Mental health counseling is an enterprise with profound societal importance where conversations play a primary role. In order to acquire the conversational skills needed to face a challenging range of situations, mental health counselors…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-19 Justine Zhang , Robert Filbin , Christine Morrison , Jaclyn Weiser , Cristian Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil

Millions of people participate in online peer-to-peer support sessions, yet there has been little prior research on systematic psychology-based evaluations of fine-grained peer-counselor behavior in relation to client satisfaction. This…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Raj Sanjay Shah , Faye Holt , Shirley Anugrah Hayati , Aastha Agarwal , Yi-Chia Wang , Robert E. Kraut , Diyi Yang

Recently, the demand for psychological counseling has significantly increased as more individuals express concerns about their mental health. This surge has accelerated efforts to improve the accessibility of counseling by using large…