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Related papers: Toroidal graphs without $K_{5}^{-}$ and 6-cycles

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Given positive integers $p \ge k$, and a non-negative integer $d$, we say a graph $G$ is $(k,d,p)$-choosable if for every list assignment $L$ with $|L(v)|\geq k$ for each $v \in V(G)$ and $|\bigcup_{v\in V(G)}L(v)| \leq p$, there exists an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Jie Ma , Rongxing Xu , Xuding Zhu

We prove a decomposition theorem for graphs that do not contain a subdivision of $K_4$ as an induced subgraph where $K_4$ is the complete graph on four vertices. We obtain also a structure theorem for the class $\cal C$ of graphs that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-09-10 Benjamin Lévêque , Frédéric Maffray , Nicolas Trotignon

A cover of a graph $G$ is a graph $H$ with vertex set $V(H) = \bigcup_{v \in V(G)} L_{v}$, where $L_{v} = \{v\} \times [s]$, and the edge set $M = \bigcup_{uv \in E(G)} M_{uv}$, where $M_{uv}$ is a matching between $L_{u}$ and $L_{v}$. A…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-26 Huihui Fang , Danjun Huang , Tao Wang , Weifan Wang

We give an exact characterization of 3-colorability of triangle-free graphs drawn in the torus, in the form of 186 "templates" (graphs with certain faces filled by arbitrary quadrangulations) such that a graph from this class is not…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-09-03 Zdeněk Dvořák , Jakub Pekárek

Listed as No. 53 among the one hundred famous unsolved problems in [J. A. Bondy, U. S. R. Murty, Graph Theory, Springer, Berlin, 2008] is Steinberg's conjecture, which states that every planar graph without 4- and 5-cycles is 3-colorable.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-27 Ligang Jin , Yingli Kang , Michael Schubert , Yingqian Wang

The {\em square} of a graph $G$, denoted $G^2$, has the same vertex set as $G$ and an edge between any two vertices at distance at most $2$ in $G$. Wegner (1977) conjectured that for a planar graph $G$, $\chi(G^2) \leq 7$ if $\Delta(G) =…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-12 Seog-Jin Kim , Rong Luo

A total $k$-coloring of a graph is an assignment of $k$ colors to its vertices and edges such that no two adjacent or incident elements receive the same color. The Total Coloring Conjecture (TCC) states that every simple graph $G$ has a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-12-04 Enqiang Zhu , Chanjuan Liu , Yongsheng Rao

DP-coloring is a generalization of a list coloring in simple graphs. Many results in list coloring can be generalized in those of DP-coloring. Kim and Ozeki showed that planar graphs without $k$-cycles where $k=3,4,5,$ or $6$ are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-01 Pongpat Sittitrai , Kittikorn Nakprasit

A subgroup of the automorphism group of a graph $\G$ is said to be {\em half-arc-transitive} on $\G$ if its action on $\G$ is transitive on the vertex set of $\G$ and on the edge set of $\G$ but not on the arc set of $\G$. Tetravalent…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-05 Iva Antončič , Primož Šparl

A Kempe swap in a proper coloring interchanges the colors on some maximal connected 2-colored subgraph. Two $k$-colorings are $k$-equivalent if we can transform one into the other using Kempe swaps. The triangulated toroidal grid,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-07 Daniel W. Cranston , Reem Mahmoud

Graph coloring with preferences offers a powerful framework for constraint satisfaction problems in which fulfilling every request is impossible but satisfying a guaranteed positive fraction is highly desirable. A \emph{request} on a graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-05-25 Shu Fang , Runrun Liu , Gexin Yu

A graph $G$ is $k$-vertex-critical if $G$ has chromatic number $k$ but every proper induced subgraph of $G$ has chromatic number less than $k$. The study of $k$-vertex-critical graphs for graph classes is an important topic in algorithmic…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-21 Qingqiong Cai , Jan Goedgebeur , Shenwei Huang

It was conjectured by Steinberg in 1976 that planar graphs without cycles of length 4 or 5 are 3-colorable. This conjecture attracted a substantial amount of attention and was finally refuted by Cohen-Addad, Hebdige, Kr\'{a}l', Li and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Xiaoyan Xu , Xuding Zhu

A $(c_1,c_2,...,c_k)$-coloring of $G$ is a mapping $\varphi:V(G)\mapsto\{1,2,...,k\}$ such that for every $i,1 \leq i \leq k$, $G[V_i]$ has maximum degree at most $c_i$, where $G[V_i]$ denotes the subgraph induced by the vertices colored…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-09-29 Runrun Liu , Xiangwen Li , Gexin Yu

A graph is \emph{$(\mathcal{I}, \mathcal{F})$-partitionable} if its vertex set can be partitioned into two parts such that one part $\mathcal{I}$ is an independent set, and the other $\mathcal{F}$ induces a forest. A graph is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-27 Zhengjiao Liu , Tao Wang , Xiaojing Yang

We say that a graph $G$ has an {\em odd $K_4$-subdivision} if some subgraph of $G$ is isomorphic to a $K_4$-subdivision and whose faces are all odd holes of $G$. For a number $\ell\geq 2$, let $\mathcal{G}_{\ell}$ denote the family of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-03 Rong Chen , Yidong Zhou

We show that every ($P_6$, diamond, $K_4$)-free graph is $6$-colorable. Moreover, we give an example of a ($P_6$, diamond, $K_4$)-free graph $G$ with $\chi(G) = 6$. This generalizes some known results in the literature.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-03-03 T. Karthick , Suchismita Mishra

A solution to a problem of Erd\H{o}s, Rubin and Taylor is obtained by showing that if a graph $G$ is $(a:b)$-choosable, and $c/d > a/b$, then $G$ is not necessarily $(c:d)$-choosable. The simplest case of another problem, stated by the same…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2008-02-18 Shai Gutner

This paper studies generalizations of the concept of acyclic orientations to arc-weighted orientations. These lead to four types of variations of strict degeneracy of graphs. Some of these variations are studied in the literature under…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Huan Zhou , Jialu Zhu , Xuding Zhu

In 1972, Mader showed that every graph without a 3-connected subgraph is 4-degenerate and thus 5-colorable}. We show that the number 5 of colors can be replaced by 4, which is best possible.