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Related papers: A tutorial on optimal dynamic treatment regimes

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We study the problem of a decision maker who must provide the best possible treatment recommendation based on an experiment. The desirability of the outcome distribution resulting from the policy recommendation is measured through a…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-04-06 Anders Bredahl Kock , David Preinerstorfer , Bezirgen Veliyev

The field of precision medicine aims to tailor treatment based on patient-specific factors in a reproducible way. To this end, estimating an optimal individualized treatment regime (ITR) that recommends treatment decisions based on patient…

Trajectory optimization considers the problem of deciding how to control a dynamical system to move along a trajectory which minimizes some cost function. Differential Dynamic Programming (DDP) is an optimal control method which utilizes a…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-01-10 David D. Fan , Evangelos A. Theodorou

In recent years, research interest in personalised treatments has been growing. However, treatment effect heterogeneity and possibly time-varying treatment effects are still often overlooked in clinical studies. Statistical tools are needed…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-27 Caterina Gregorio , Giovanni Baj , Giulia Barbati , Francesca Ieva

Appropriate treatment regimens play a vital role in improving patient health status. Although some achievements have been made, few of the recent studies of learning treatment regimens have exploited different kinds of patient information…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Khanh-Hung Hoang , Tu-Bao Ho

We consider Dynamic Treatment Regimes (DTRs) with One Sided Noncompliance that arise in applications such as digital recommendations and adaptive medical trials. These are settings where decision makers encourage individuals to take…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-05-06 Ravi B. Sojitra , Vasilis Syrgkanis

In Anscombe's classical model, the objective is to find the optimal sequential rule for learning about the difference between two alternative treatments and subsequently selecting the superior one. The population for which the procedure is…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-12-18 Sebastian Jobjörnsson , Sören Christensen

In randomized trials involving multiple treatments, bivariate survival outcomes present significant analytical challenges for making decisions. This paper addresses the problem of deriving optimal individualized treatment rules to maximize…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-29 Kun Ren , Yifan Cui , Wen Su

Increasing the success rate of a process, i.e. the percentage of cases that end in a positive outcome, is a recurrent process improvement goal. At runtime, there are often certain actions (a.k.a. treatments) that workers may execute to lift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Zahra Dasht Bozorgi , Marlon Dumas , Marcello La Rosa , Artem Polyvyanyy , Mahmoud Shoush , Irene Teinemaa

We consider identification of optimal dynamic treatment regimes in a setting where time-varying treatments are confounded by hidden time-varying confounders, but proxy variables of the unmeasured confounders are available. We show that,…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-02-19 Jeffrey Zhang , Eric Tchetgen Tchetgen

Personalised medicine strives to identify the right treatment for the right patient at the right time, integrating different types of biological and environmental information. Such information come from a variety of sources: omics data…

Applications · Statistics 2014-01-14 Marco Scutari

The treatment assignment mechanism in a randomized clinical trial can be optimized for statistical efficiency within a specified class of randomization mechanisms. Optimal designs of this type have been characterized in terms of the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-03 Wei Zhang , Zhiwei Zhang , Aiyi Liu

Individualized treatment effect lies at the heart of precision medicine. Interpretable individualized treatment rules (ITRs) are desirable for clinicians or policymakers due to their intuitive appeal and transparency. The gold-standard…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-20 Lili Wu , Shu Yang

Dynamic treatment regimes or policies are a sequence of decision functions over multiple stages that are tailored to individual features. One important class of treatment policies in practice, namely multi-stage stationary treatment…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-09 Daiqi Gao , Yufeng Liu , Donglin Zeng

Devising optimal interventions for constraining stochastic systems is a challenging endeavour that has to confront the interplay between randomness and nonlinearity. Existing methods for identifying the necessary dynamical adjustments…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-10-18 Dimitra Maoutsa , Manfred Opper

This research considers the ranking and selection with input uncertainty. The objective is to maximize the posterior probability of correctly selecting the best alternative under a fixed simulation budget, where each alternative is measured…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-05-15 Hui Xiao , Zhihong Wei

Cluster-level dynamic treatment regimens can be used to guide sequential, intervention or treatment decision-making at the cluster level in order to improve outcomes at the individual or patient-level. In a cluster-level DTR, the…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-07-15 Timothy NeCamp , Amy Kilbourne , Daniel Almirall

Dynamic treatment regimes (DTR) are a statistical paradigm in precision medicine which aim to optimize patient outcomes by individualizing treatments. At its simplest, a DTR may require only a single decision to be made; this special case…

Applications · Statistics 2021-09-06 Larry Dong , Erica E. M. Moodie , Laura Villain , Rodolphe Thiébaut

A central problem in the field of radiation therapy (RT) is how to optimally deliver dose to a patient in a way that fully accounts for anatomical position changes over time. As current RT is a static process, where beam intensities are…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-09-04 Rodney D. Wiersma , Xinmin Liu

Controllable Markov chains describe the dynamics of sequential decision making tasks and are the central component in optimal control and reinforcement learning. In this work, we give the general form of an optimal policy for learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Peter N. Loxley