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Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) has been an important area of research for decades, with reconstruction-based methods, mostly based on generative models, gaining popularity and demonstrating success. Diffusion models have recently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Kohei Obata , Zheng Chen , Yasuko Matsubara , Lingwei Zhu , Yasushi Sakurai

Despite the rapid advancement of unsupervised learning in visual representation, it requires training on large-scale datasets that demand costly data collection, and pose additional challenges due to concerns regarding data privacy.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-15 David Junhao Zhang , Mutian Xu , Chuhui Xue , Wenqing Zhang , Xiaoguang Han , Song Bai , Mike Zheng Shou

Due to the diversity of brain anatomy and the scarcity of annotated data, supervised anomaly detection for brain MRI remains challenging, driving the development of unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) approaches. Current UAD methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Hao Li , Zhenfeng Zhuang , Jingyu Lin , Yu Liu , Yifei Chen , Qiong Peng , Lequan Yu , Liansheng Wang

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is essential for computer vision research. Existing VAD methods utilize either reconstruction-based or prediction-based frameworks. The former excels at detecting irregular patterns or structures, whereas the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongsong Wang , Andi Xu , Pinle Ding , Jie Gui

Recent advancements in diffusion models have demonstrated significant success in unsupervised anomaly segmentation. For anomaly segmentation, these models are first trained on normal data; then, an anomalous image is noised to an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Mehrdad Moradi , Kamran Paynabar

Automatic segmentation of brain abnormalities is challenging, as they vary considerably from one pathology to another. Current methods are supervised and require numerous annotated images for each pathology, a strenuous task. To tackle…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-27 Benjamin Lambert , Maxime Louis , Senan Doyle , Florence Forbes , Michel Dojat , Alan Tucholka

The essence of unsupervised anomaly detection is to learn the compact distribution of normal samples and detect outliers as anomalies in testing. Meanwhile, the anomalies in real-world are usually subtle and fine-grained in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Ye Zheng , Xiang Wang , Rui Deng , Tianpeng Bao , Rui Zhao , Liwei Wu

Medical imaging data suffers from the limited availability of annotation because annotating 3D medical data is a time-consuming and expensive task. Moreover, even if the annotation is available, supervised learning-based approaches suffer…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-12 Abinav Ravi Venkatakrishnan , Seong Tae Kim , Rami Eisawy , Franz Pfister , Nassir Navab

Anomaly detection is the process of identifying atypical data samples that significantly deviate from the majority of the dataset. In the realm of clinical screening and diagnosis, detecting abnormalities in medical images holds great…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Xianyao Hu , Congming Jin

In this paper, we propose the Adversarial Denoising Diffusion Model (ADDM). The ADDM is based on the Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Model (DDPM) but complementarily trained by adversarial learning. The proposed adversarial learning is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-08 Jongmin Yu , Hyeontaek Oh , Jinhong Yang

Anomaly detection (AD) is the machine learning task of identifying highly discrepant abnormal samples by solely relying on the consistency of the normal training samples. Under the constraints of a distribution shift, the assumption that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 João B. S. Carvalho , Mengtao Zhang , Robin Geyer , Carlos Cotrini , Joachim M. Buhmann

While the mainstream research in anomaly detection has mainly followed the one-class classification, practical industrial environments often incur noisy training data due to annotation errors or lack of labels for new or refurbished…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Jiin Im , Yongho Son , Je Hyeong Hong

Unsupervised anomaly detection (UAD) in brain imaging is crucial for identifying pathologies without the need for labeled data. However, accurately localizing anomalies remains challenging due to the intricate structure of brain anatomy and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-06 Farzad Beizaee , Sina Hajimiri , Ismail Ben Ayed , Gregory Lodygensky , Christian Desrosiers , Jose Dolz

Recent progress in generative models has made it easier for a wide audience to edit and create image content, raising concerns about the proliferation of deepfakes, especially in healthcare. Despite the availability of numerous techniques…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Fred Grabovski , Lior Yasur , Guy Amit , Yisroel Mirsky

Unsupervised anomaly detection (AD) in medical images aims to identify abnormal regions without relying on pixel-level annotations, which is crucial for scalable and label-efficient diagnostic systems. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-05 Jiayu Huo , Jingyuan Hong , Liyun Chen

Unsupervised visual anomaly detection from multi-view images presents a significant challenge: distinguishing genuine defects from benign appearance variations caused by viewpoint changes. Existing methods, often designed for single-view…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Xintao Chen , Xiaohao Xu , Bozhong Zheng , Yun Liu , Yingna Wu

Numerous methods for time-series anomaly detection (TSAD) have emerged in recent years, most of which are unsupervised and assume that only normal samples are available during the training phase, due to the challenge of obtaining abnormal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Thomas Lai , Thi Kieu Khanh Ho , Narges Armanfard

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for the safety and reliability of artificial intelligence algorithms, especially in the medical domain. In the context of the Medical OOD (MOOD) detection challenge 2023, we propose a pipeline…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Evi M. C. Huijben , Sina Amirrajab , Josien P. W. Pluim

With the development of medical imaging technology, medical images have become an important basis for doctors to diagnose patients. The brain structure in the collected data is complicated, thence, doctors are required to spend plentiful…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-10 Nan Wang , Chengwei Chen , Yuan Xie , Lizhuang Ma

Medical anomaly detection is a crucial yet challenging task aimed at recognizing abnormal images to assist in diagnosis. Due to the high-cost annotations of abnormal images, most methods utilize only known normal images during training and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-21 Yu Cai , Hao Chen , Xin Yang , Yu Zhou , Kwang-Ting Cheng
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