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We consider the problem of classifying those graphs that arise as an undirected square of an oriented graph by generalising the notion of quasi-transitive directed graphs to mixed graphs. We fully classify those graphs of maximum degree…

Mixed fault diameter of a graph $G$, $ \D_{(a,b)}(G)$, is the maximal diameter of $G$ after deletion of any $a$ vertices and any $b$ edges. Special cases are the (vertex) fault diameter $\D^V_{a} = \D_{(a,0)}$ and the edge fault diameter…

We say that a digraph $D$ is competitive if any pair of vertices has a common out-neighbor in $D$ and that a graph $G$ is competitively orientable if there exists a competitive orientation of $G$. The notion of competitive digraphs arose…

The $g$-girth-thickness $\theta(g,G)$ of a graph $G$ is the smallest number of planar subgraphs of girth at least $g$ whose union is $G$. In this paper, we calculate the $4$-girth-thickness $\theta(4,G)$ of the complete $m$-partite graph…

Let $\mathcal{G}_{n,p,q}$ denote the set of strongly connected bipartite digraphs on $n$ vertices which contain a complete bipartite subdigraph $\overleftrightarrow{K_{p,q}}$, where $p, q, n$ are positive integers and $p+q \leq n$. In this…

A directed dominating set in a directed graph $D$ is a set $S$ of vertices of $V$ such that every vertex $u \in V(D) \setminus S$ has an adjacent vertex $v$ in $S$ with $v$ directed to $u$. The directed domination number of $D$, denoted by…

For an integer $k \geq 2$, an ordered $k$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{H}=(H,<)$ is a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$ together with a fixed linear ordering $<$ of its vertex set. The ordered Ramsey number $\overline{R}(\mathcal{H},\mathcal{G})$…

Recently there has been much interest in studying random graph analogues of well known classical results in extremal graph theory. Here we follow this trend and investigate the structure of triangle-free subgraphs of $G(n,p)$ with high…

A directed diameter of a directed graph is the maximum possible distance between a pair of vertices, where paths must respect edge orientations, while undirected diameter is the diameter of the undirected graph obtained by symmetrizing the…

An {\em odd hole} in a graph is an induced subgraph which is a cycle of odd length at least five. An {\em odd parachute} is a graph obtained from an odd hole $H$ by adding a new edge $uv$ such that $x$ is adjacent to $u$ but not to $v$ for…

In an oriented graph, the inversion of a subset of vertices X is the operation reversing the direction of every arc with both endpoints in X. Given a graph G, the inversion distance between two orientations G is the minimum number of…

Given a group $G$, let us connect two non-identity elements by an edge if and only if one is a power of another. This gives a graph structure on $G$ minus identity, called the reduced power graph. In this paper, we shall find the exact…

Given a graph $G$, we say that an orientation $D$ of $G$ is a KT orientation if, for all $u, v \in V(D)$, there is at most one directed path (in any direction) between $u$ and $v$. Graphs that admit such orientations have been used by…

Given a finite group $G$, the Engel graph of $G$ is a directed graph $\Gamma(G)$ encoding pairs of elements satisfying some Engel word. Namely, $\Gamma(G)$ is the directed graph, where the vertices are the non-hypercentral elements of $G$…

Any simple planar graph can be triangulated, i.e., we can add edges to it, without adding multi-edges, such that the result is planar and all faces are triangles. In this paper, we study the problem of triangulating a planar graph without…

A dichotomous ordinal graph consists of an undirected graph with a partition of the edges into short and long edges. A geometric realization of a dichotomous ordinal graph $G$ in a metric space $X$ is a drawing of $G$ in $X$ in which every…

We prove that for every oriented graph $D$ and every choice of positive integers $k$ and $\ell$, there exists an oriented graph $D^*$ along with a surjective homomorphism $\psi\colon V(D^*) \to V(D)$ such that: (i) girth$(D^*) \geq\ell$;…

We aim to find orientations of mixed graphs optimizing the total reachability, a problem that has applications in causality and biology. For given a digraph $D$, we use $P(D)$ for the set of ordered pairs of distinct vertices in $V(D)$ and…

The face pairing graph of a 3-manifold triangulation is a 4-valent graph denoting which tetrahedron faces are identified with which others. We present a series of properties that must be satisfied by the face pairing graph of a closed…

Let $C_{d,k}$ be the largest number of vertices in a Cayley digraph of degree $d$ and diameter $k$, and let $BC_{d,k}$ be the largest order of a bipartite Cayley digraph for given $d$ and $k$. For every degree $d\geq2$ and for every odd $k$…