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We investigate the rank of the average mixing matrix of trees, with all eigenvalues distinct. The rank of the average mixing matrix of a tree on $n$ vertices with $n$ distinct eigenvalues is upper-bounded by $\frac{n}{2}$. Computations on…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-26 Chris Godsil , Krystal Guo , John Sinkovic

We establish limit theorems that describe the asymptotic local and global geometric behaviour of random enriched trees considered up to symmetry. We apply these general results to random unlabelled weighted rooted graphs and uniform random…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-12-15 Benedikt Stufler

A routing labeling scheme assigns a binary string, called a label, to each node in a network, and chooses a distinct port number from $\{1,\ldots,d\}$ for every edge outgoing from a node of degree $d$. Then, given the labels of $u$ and $w$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Paweł Gawrychowski , Wojciech Janczewski , Jakub Łopuszański

Given a rooted tree and a ranking of its leaves, what is the minimum number of inversions of the leaves that can be attained by ordering the tree? This variation of the problem of counting inversions in arrays originated in mathematical…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ivan Hu , Dieter van Melkebeek , Andrew Morgan

Among those real symmetric matrices whose graph is a given tree $T$, the maximum multiplicity $M(T)$ that can be attained by an eigenvalue is known to be the path cover number of $T$. We say that a tree is $k$-NIM if, whenever an eigenvalue…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-08-12 Charles R. Johnson , George Tsoukalas , Greyson C. Wesley , Zachary Zhao

Let $P$ be a set of $n$ points in the plane in general position. We show that at least $\lfloor n/3\rfloor$ plane spanning trees can be packed into the complete geometric graph on $P$. This improves the previous best known lower bound…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2019-02-26 Ahmad Biniaz , Alfredo García

A vertex of degree one is called an end-vertex, and an end-vertex of a tree is called a leaf. A tree with at most $k$ leaves is called a $k$-ended tree. For a positive integer $k$, let $t_k$ be the order of a largest $k$-ended tree. Let…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-26 Zh. G. Nikoghosyan

We study a natural analogue of Ulam's problem for random rooted trees distributed according to a Plancherel-type measure. This probability measure is closely related to the classical Plancherel measure on integer partitions. For a…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-04-29 Shengjun Zhang

We show that there exists an adjacency labelling scheme for planar graphs where each vertex of an $n$-vertex planar graph $G$ is assigned a $(1+o(1))\log_2 n$-bit label and the labels of two vertices $u$ and $v$ are sufficient to determine…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Vida Dujmović , Louis Esperet , Gwenaël Joret , Cyril Gavoille , Piotr Micek , Pat Morin

A labeling scheme for nearest common ancestors assigns a distinct binary string, called the label, to every node of a tree, so that given the labels of two nodes (and no further information about the topology of the tree) we can compute the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-07-20 Paweł Gawrychowski , Jakub Łopuszański

We define a special case of tree decompositions for planar graphs that respect a given embedding of the graph. We study the analogous width of the resulting decomposition we call the embedded-width of a plane graph. We show both upper…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Glencora Borradaile , Jeff Erickson , Hung Le , Robbie Weber

We consider two varieties of labeled rooted trees, and the probability that a vertex chosen from all vertices of all trees of a given size uniformly at random has a given rank. We prove that this probability converges to a limit as the tree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-15 Miklos Bona , Istvan Mezo

We study the asymptotic behavior af the number of cuts $X(T_n)$ needed to isolate the root in a rooted binary random tree $T_n$ with $n$ leaves. We focus on the case of subtrees of the Continuum Random Tree generated by uniform sampling of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-12-24 Patrick Hoscheit

Motivated by the study of pattern avoidance in the context of permutations and ordered partitions, we consider the enumeration of weak-ordering chains obtained as leaves of certain restricted rooted trees. A tree of order $n$ is generated…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-06-22 Daniel Birmajer , Juan B. Gil , David S. Kenepp , Michael D. Weiner

For a graph $G$, let $\lambda_1(G)$ and $\lambda_2(G)$ denote the largest and the second largest adjacency eigenvalue of $G$. The sum $\lambda_1(G) + \lambda_2(G)$ is called the \emph{spectral sum} of $G$. We investigate the spectral sum of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-01-16 Hitesh Kumar , Bojan Mohar , Shivaramakrishna Pragada , Hanmeng Zhan

A $k$-decision tree $t$ (or $k$-tree) is a recursive partition of a matrix (2D-signal) into $k\geq 1$ block matrices (axis-parallel rectangles, leaves) where each rectangle is assigned a real label. Its regression or classification loss to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-08 Ibrahim Jubran , Ernesto Evgeniy Sanches Shayda , Ilan Newman , Dan Feldman

In this paper we study the adjacency spectrum of families of finite rooted trees with regular branching properties. In particular, we show that in the case of constant branching, the eigenvalues are realized as the roots of a family of…

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-31 Daryl R. DeFord , Daniel N. Rockmore

Tutte founded the theory of enumeration of planar maps in a series of papers in the 1960s. Rooted non-separable planar maps are in bijection with West-2-stack-sortable permutations, beta(1,0)-trees introduced by Cori, Jacquard and Schaeffer…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-12-20 Sergey Kitaev , Pavel Salimov , Christopher Severs , Henning Ulfarsson

In this paper we enumerate and give bijections for the following four sets of vertices among rooted ordered trees of a fixed size: (i) first-children of degree $k$ at level $\ell$, (ii) non-first-children of degree $k$ at level $\ell-1$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-03-22 Sen-Peng Eu , Seunghyun Seo , Heesung Shin

Let $T$ be a weighted tree. The weight of a subtree $T_1$ of $T$ is defined as the product of weights of vertices and edges of $T_1$. We obtain a linear-time algorithm to count the sum of weights of subtrees of $T$. As applications, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Weigen Yan , Yeong-Nan Yeh