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Fluid antenna system (FAS), which continuously repositions a single physical element across a deployment region $[0, D]$, breaks this limit by freeing antenna positions from the discrete grid entirely. This paper establishes the theoretical…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Tuo Wu , Jie Tang , Ye Tian , Cheng Zeng , Matthew C. Valenti , Hing Cheung So

This paper analyzes the spatial bandwidth of line-of-sight (LoS) channels in massive MIMO systems. For the linear large-scale antenna arrays (LSAA) of transceivers placed in random locations in 3D space, a simple but accurate closed-form…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-09 Zhen Wang , Yijin Pan , Jun-Bo Wang , Yijian Chen , Hongkang Yu

This letter studies the optimal degrees of freedom (DoF) region for the asymmetric three-user MIMO Y channel with antenna configuration $(M_1,M_2,M_3,N)$, where $M_i$ is the number of antennas at user $i$ and $N$ is the number of antennas…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Kangqi Liu , Xiaojun Yuan , Meixia Tao

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) communications, enabled by numerous antenna elements integrated into large antenna surfaces, can provide increased effective degree of freedom (EDoF) to achieve high diversity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shaohua Yue , Liang Liu , Boya Di

The optimal beamforming design for multi-user continuous aperture array (CAPA) systems is proposed. In contrast to conventional spatially discrete array (SPDA), the beamformer for CAPA is a continuous function rather than a discrete vector…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zhaolin Wang , Chongjun Ouyang , Yuanwei Liu

In this paper, we study the spatial bandwidth for line-of-sight (LOS) channels with linear large-scale antenna arrays (LSAAs) in 3D space. We provide approximations to the spatial bandwidth at the center of the receiving array, of the form…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Liqin Ding , Jiliang Zhang , Erik G. Ström

We propose a novel low-complexity receiver design for multicarrier continuous aperture array (CAPA) systems operating over doubly-dispersive (DD) channels. The receiver leverages a Gaussian Belief Propagation (GaBP)-based framework that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-30 Kuranage Roche Rayan Ranasinghe , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Emil Björnson

Degree of freedom (DoF) region provides an approximation of capacity region in high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) regime, while sum DoF gives the scaling factor. In this correspondence, we analyse the DoF region and sum DoF for unicast…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-17 Feng Liu , Chung Chan , Ying Jun , Zhang

In this paper, we characterize the asymmetric total degrees of freedom (DoF) of a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) 3-way channel. Each node has a separate-antenna full-duplex MIMO transceiver with a different number of antennas, where…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Adel M. Elmahdy , Amr El-Keyi , Yahya Mohasseb , Tamer ElBatt , Mohammed Nafie , Karim G. Seddik , Tamer Khattab

We investigate the Degrees of Freedom (DoF) Region of a cellular network, where the cells can have overlapping areas. Within an overlapping area, the mobile users can access multiple base stations. We consider a case where there are two…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-03-02 Huarui Yin , Lei , Ke , Zhengdao Wang

We address the modeling and optimal beamforming (BF) design for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) continuous aperture array (CAPA) systems operating over doubly-dispersive (DD) channels. First, a comprehensive DD continuous MIMO (DDC…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-05 Kuranage Roche Rayan Ranasinghe , Zhaolin Wang , Hyeon Seok Rou , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Emil Björnson

The phenomenon of mutual coupling in continuous aperture arrays (CAPAs) is studied. First, a general physical model for the phenomenon that accounts for both polarization and surface dissipation losses is developed. Then, the unipolarized…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Zhaolin Wang , Kuranage Roche Rayan Ranasinghe , Giuseppe Thadeu Freitas de Abreu , Yuanwei Liu

This paper aims to provide a fixed precoding scheme to achieve the Degrees of Freedom DoF of the generalized ergodic X channel. This is achieved through using the notion of ergodic interference alignment technique. Accordingly, in the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-19 Soroush Akhlaghi , Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali

We consider a line-of-sight communication link between two holographic surfaces (HoloSs), and provide a closed-form expression for the effective degrees of freedom (eDoF), i.e., the number of orthogonal communication modes that can be…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Juan Carlos Ruiz-Sicilia , Marco Di Renzo , Marco Donald Migliore , Merouane Debbah , H. Vincent Poor

This work is to study the degrees of freedom (DoF) for the $K$-user MIMO Y channel. Previously, two transmission frameworks have been proposed for the DoF analysis when $N \geq 2M$, where $M$ and $N$ denote the number of antennas at each…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Kangqi Liu , Meixia Tao

A continuous aperture array (CAPA)-based secure communication system is investigated, where a base station equipped with a CAPA transmits signals to a legitimate user under the existence of an eavesdropper. For improving the secrecy…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-16 Jingjing Zhao , Haowen Song , Xidong Mu , Kaiquan Cai , Yanbo Zhu , Yuanwei Liu

We introduce a taxonomy for partially coherent optical fields spanning multiple degrees of freedom (DoFs) based on the rank of the associated coherence matrix (the number of non-zero eigenvalues). When DoFs comprise two spatial modes and…

A continuous aperture array (CAPA)-based multi-group multicast communication system is investigated. An integral-based CAPA multi-group multicast beamforming design is formulated for the maximization of the system energy efficiency (EE),…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mengyu Qian , Xidong Mu , Li You , Michail Matthaiou

Several recent contributions have envisioned the possibility of increasing currently exploitable maximum channel capacity of a free space link, both at optical and radio frequencies, by using vortex waves, i.e. carrying Orbital Angular…

The majority of stochastic channel models rely on the electromagnetic far-field assumption, which allows to decompose the channel in terms of plane waves. The far-field assumption breaks down in future applications that push towards the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Andrea Pizzo , Luca Sanguinetti , Thomas L. Marzetta