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Extremely large-scale multiple-input-multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is an emerging transceiver technology for enabling next-generation communication systems, due to its potential for substantial enhancement in both the spectral efficiency and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Zhe Wang , Jiayi Zhang , Wenhui Yi , Huahua Xiao , Hongyang Du , Dusit Niyato , Bo Ai , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

In most multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems, the amount of information that can be transmitted reliably depends on the effective degrees of freedom (EDoF) of the wireless channel. Conventionally, one can model the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Yuhua Jiang , Feifei Gao

Electromagnetic information theory (EIT) is one of the emerging topics for 6G communication due to its potential to reveal the performance limit of wireless communication systems. For EIT, one of the most important research directions is…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Zhongzhichao Wan , Jieao Zhu , Yongli Yan , Linglong Dai

Compared with a single-input-single-output (SISO) wireless communication system, the benefit of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) technology originates from its extra degree of freedom (DOF), also referred as scattering channels or…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Shuai S. A. Yuan , Zi He , Sheng Sun , Xiaoming Chen , Chongwen Huang , Wei E. I. Sha

It is well known that in K-user constant single-antenna interference channels K/2 degrees of freedom (DoF) can be achieved for almost all channel matrices. Explicit conditions on the channel matrix to admit K/2 DoF are, however, not…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 David Stotz , Helmut Bölcskei

Electromagnetic degrees of freedom are instrumental in antenna design, wireless communications, imaging, and scattering. Larger number of degrees of freedom enhances control in antenna design, influencing radiation patterns and directivity,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-08 Mats Gustafsson

In a fluid antenna system (FAS), a single reconfigurable antenna is able to activate one of $N$ correlated ports to exploit spatial diversity. However, outage analysis is challenging because exact evaluation requires an $N$-dimensional…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-20 Tuo Wu , Junteng Yao , Kai-Kit Wong , Jie Tang , Maged Elkashlan , Baiyang Liu , Kin-Fai Tong , Hyundong Shin

The degrees of freedom (DoF) available for communication provides an analytically tractable way to characterize the information-theoretic capacity of interference channels. In this paper, the DoF of a K-user interference channel is studied…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Aly El Gamal , V. Sreekanth Annapureddy , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

The number of degrees of freedom (NDoF) in a communication channel fundamentally limits the number of independent spatial modes available for transmitting and receiving information. Although the NDoF can be computed numerically for specific…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Mats Gustafsson

This paper studies the Degrees of Freedom (DoF) of the two-user multi-antenna Gaussian interference channel with an {\em instantaneous relay}, or relay without delay, where the relay transmitted signal in channel use $t$ can depend on all…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Tang Liu , Daniela Tuninetti , Sae-Young Chung

In this letter, we develop a continuous fluid antenna (FA) framework for uplink channel estimation in cell-free massive multiple-input and multiple-output (CF-mMIMO) systems. By modeling the wireless channel as a spatially correlated…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Masoud Kaveh , Farshad Rostami Ghadi , Francisco Hernando-Gallego , Diego Martin , Riku Jantti , Kai-Kit Wong

This paper investigates near-field XL-MIMO systems with sparse uniform planar arrays (UPAs). Based on the Green's function-based channel model, the paper derives closed-form expressions for the signal beam power when the distance coordinate…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-16 Xianzhe Chen , Hong Ren , Cunhua Pan , Cheng-Xiang Wang , Jiangzhou Wang

The performance of continuous aperture array (CAPA)-based wireless communications is analyzed in an uplink scenario. An analytical framework is proposed to characterize uplink CAPA-based transmission using electromagnetic field theories. On…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-28 Chongjun Ouyang , Yuanwei Liu , Xingqi Zhang

In this letter, we consider transceivers with spatially-constrained antenna apertures of rectangular symmetry, and aim to improve of spatial degrees of freedom (DoF) and channel capacity leveraging evanescent waves for information…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Ran Ji , Shuo Chen , Chongwen Huang , Wei E. I. Sha , Zhaoyang Zhang , Chau Yuen , Mérouane Debbah

This paper fully determines the degree-of-freedom (DoF) region of two-user interference channels with arbitrary number of transmit and receive antennas and isotropic fading, where the channel state information is available to the receivers…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-08-23 Yan Zhu , Dongning Guo

A new approach toward the noncoherent communications over the time varying fading channels is presented. In this approach, the relationship between the input signal space and the output signal space of a correlatively changing fading…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-13 Mina Karzand , Lizhong Zheng

The extensive data interaction demands of an immersive metaverse necessitate the adoption of emerging technologies to enable high-capacity communication. Vortex electromagnetic waves with different orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-13 Hongyun Jin , Wenchi Cheng , Jingqing Wang , Wei Zhang

A continuous-aperture array (CAPA)-based secure transmission framework is proposed to enhance physical layer security. Continuous current distributions, or beamformers, are designed to maximize the secrecy transmission rate under a power…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Boqun Zhao , Chongjun Ouyang , Xingqi Zhang , Yuanwei Liu

Fluid antenna (FA) systems offer novel spatial degrees of freedom (DoFs) with the potential for significant performance gains. Compared to existing works focusing solely on optimizing FA positions at discrete time instants, we introduce the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-30 Shuaixin Yang , Yijia Li , Yue Xiao , Yong Liang Guan , Kai-Kit Wong , Hyundong Shin , Chau Yuen

With the deployment of large antenna arrays at high-frequency bands, future wireless communication systems are likely to operate in the radiative near-field. Unlike far-field beam steering, near-field beams can be focused on a spatial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Ahmed Hussain , Asmaa Abdallah , Abdulkadir Celik , Emil Björnson , Ahmed M. Eltawil