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DAGitty is a software for drawing and analyzing causal diagrams, also known as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). Functions include identification of minimal sufficient adjustment sets for estimating causal effects, diagnosis of insufficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-20 Johannes Textor

There has been a growing interest in causal learning in recent years. Commonly used representations of causal structures, including Bayesian networks and structural equation models (SEM), take the form of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Pavel Rytir , Ales Wodecki , Jakub Marecek

Identification theory for causal effects in causal models associated with hidden variable directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) is well studied. However, the corresponding algorithms are underused due to the complexity of estimating the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Rohit Bhattacharya , Razieh Nabi , Ilya Shpitser

Evaluating graphs learned by causal discovery algorithms is difficult: The number of edges that differ between two graphs does not reflect how the graphs differ with respect to the identifying formulas they suggest for causal effects. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-12 Leonard Henckel , Theo Würtzen , Sebastian Weichwald

The investigation of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) encoding the same Markov property, that is the same conditional independence relations of multivariate observational distributions, has a long tradition; many algorithms exist for model…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-09-27 Alain Hauser , Peter Bühlmann

Causal discovery aims to recover a causal graph from data generated by it; constraint based methods do so by searching for a d-separating conditioning set of nodes in the graph via an oracle. In this paper, we provide analytic evidence that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Itai Feigenbaum , Huan Wang , Shelby Heinecke , Juan Carlos Niebles , Weiran Yao , Caiming Xiong , Devansh Arpit

Estimating the structure of Bayesian networks as directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from observational data is a fundamental challenge, particularly in causal discovery. Bayesian approaches excel by quantifying uncertainty and addressing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Edwin V. Bonilla , Pantelis Elinas , He Zhao , Maurizio Filippone , Vassili Kitsios , Terry O'Kane

Background: There is increasing interest in approaches for analyzing the effect of exposure mixtures on health. A key issue is how to simultaneously analyze often highly collinear components of the mixture, which can create problems such as…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-06 Thomas F. Webster , Marc G. Weisskopf

Causal abstractions allow us to relate causal models on different levels of granularity. To ensure that the models agree on cause and effect, frameworks for causal abstractions define notions of consistency. Two distinct methods for causal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Willem Schooltink , Fabio Massimo Zennaro

Interacting systems are prevalent in nature. It is challenging to accurately predict the dynamics of the system if its constituent components are analyzed independently. We develop a graph-based model that unveils the systemic interactions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Giangiacomo Mercatali , Andre Freitas , Jie Chen

Network systems have become a ubiquitous modeling tool in many areas of science where nodes in a graph represent distributed processes and edges between nodes represent a form of dynamic coupling. When a network topology is already known…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2019-05-30 Donatello Materassi , Murti V. Salapaka

We present a form of algebraic reasoning for computational objects which are expressed as graphs. Edges describe the flow of data between primitive operations which are represented by vertices. These graphs have an interface made of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-07-23 Lucas Dixon , Ross Duncan , Aleks Kissinger

Directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and associated probability models are widely used to model neural connectivity and communication channels. In many experiments, data are collected from multiple subjects whose connectivities may differ but are…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-17 Chris J. Oates , Lilia Carneiro da Costa , Tom Nichols

Principled reasoning about the identifiability of causal effects from non-experimental data is an important application of graphical causal models. This paper focuses on effects that are identifiable by covariate adjustment, a commonly used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-01-25 Benito van der Zander , Maciej Liśkiewicz , Johannes Textor

Directed graphical models provide a useful framework for modeling causal or directional relationships for multivariate data. Prior work has largely focused on identifiability and search algorithms for directed acyclic graphical (DAG)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-07 Gunwoong Park , Garvesh Raskutti

Discovering the causality from observational data is a crucial task in various scientific domains. With increasing awareness of privacy, data are not allowed to be exposed, and it is very hard to learn causal graphs from dispersed data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Dezhi Yang , Xintong He , Jun Wang , Guoxian Yu , Carlotta Domeniconi , Jinglin Zhang

This paper concerns the assessment of direct causal effects from a combination of: (i) non-experimental data, and (ii) qualitative domain knowledge. Domain knowledge is encoded in the form of a directed acyclic graph (DAG), in which all…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-07 Carlos Brito , Judea Pearl

Acyclic directed mixed graphs, also known as semi-Markov models represent the conditional independence structure induced on an observed margin by a DAG model with latent variables. In this paper we present a factorization criterion for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2014-06-27 Thomas S. Richardson

This paper concerns the assessment of the effects of actions from a combination of nonexperimental data and causal assumptions encoded in the form of a directed acyclic graph in which some variables are presumed to be unobserved. We provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-07-19 Jin Tian

Recent progress in large language models has renewed interest in how multi-step reasoning is represented internally. While prior work often treats reasoning as a linear chain, many reasoning problems are more naturally modeled as directed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tianjun Zhong , Linyang He , Nima Mesgarani