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With the rise of Transformer models in NLP and CV domain, Multi-Head Attention has been proven to be a game-changer. However, its expensive computation poses challenges to the model throughput and efficiency, especially for the long…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-12 Jiing-Ping Wang , Ming-Guang Lin , An-Yeu , Wu

Scaling video diffusion transformers (DiTs) is limited by their quadratic 3D attention, even though most of the attention mass concentrates on a small subset of positions. We turn this observation into VSA, a trainable, hardware-efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Peiyuan Zhang , Yongqi Chen , Haofeng Huang , Will Lin , Zhengzhong Liu , Ion Stoica , Eric Xing , Hao Zhang

State-of-the-art results on neural machine translation often use attentional sequence-to-sequence models with some form of convolution or recursion. Vaswani et al. (2017) propose a new architecture that avoids recurrence and convolution…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Karim Ahmed , Nitish Shirish Keskar , Richard Socher

Transformer has achieved great success in NLP. However, the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism in Transformer makes it inefficient in handling long sequences. Many existing works explore to accelerate Transformers by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Chuhan Wu , Fangzhao Wu , Tao Qi , Binxing Jiao , Daxin Jiang , Yongfeng Huang , Xing Xie

The Attention module finds common usage in language modeling, presenting distinct challenges within the broader scope of Natural Language Processing. Multi-Head Attention (MHA) employs an absolute positional encoding, which imposes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Herman Sugiharto , Aradea , Husni Mubarok

Training large-scale deep learning models has become a key challenge for the scientific community and industry. While the massive use of GPUs can significantly speed up training times, this approach has a negative impact on efficiency. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-04 David Cortes , Carlos Juiz , Belen Bermejo

Transformers have achieved remarkable success in sequence modeling and beyond but suffer from quadratic computational and memory complexities with respect to the length of the input sequence. Leveraging techniques include sparse and linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Robert M. Kirby , Stanley J. Osher , Bao Wang

Transformer-based pre-trained models, such as BERT, have shown extraordinary success in achieving state-of-the-art results in many natural language processing applications. However, deploying these models can be prohibitively costly, as the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jing Zhao , Yifan Wang , Junwei Bao , Youzheng Wu , Xiaodong He

Attention-based models, exemplified by the Transformer, can effectively model long range dependency, but suffer from the quadratic complexity of self-attention operation, making them difficult to be adopted for high-resolution image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Long Zhao , Zizhao Zhang , Ting Chen , Dimitris N. Metaxas , Han Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) now support extremely long context windows, but the quadratic complexity of vanilla attention results in significantly long Time-to-First-Token (TTFT) latency. Existing approaches to address this complexity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Qianchao Zhu , Jiangfei Duan , Chang Chen , Siran Liu , Guanyu Feng , Xin Lv , Xiao Chuanfu , Dahua Lin , Chao Yang

Transformers, renowned for their self-attention mechanism, have achieved state-of-the-art performance across various tasks in natural language processing, computer vision, time-series modeling, etc. However, one of the challenges with deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Jeongwhan Choi , Hyowon Wi , Jayoung Kim , Yehjin Shin , Kookjin Lee , Nathaniel Trask , Noseong Park

Multimodal Transformers serve as the backbone for state-of-the-art vision-language models, yet their quadratic attention complexity remains a critical barrier to scalability. In this work, we investigate the viability of Linear Attention…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Armin Gerami , Seyedehanita Madani , Ramani Duraiswami

Diffusion models excel in high-fidelity image generation but face scalability limits due to transformers' quadratic attention complexity. Plug-and-play token reduction methods like ToMeSD and ToFu reduce FLOPs by merging redundant tokens in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Wenbo Lu , Shaoyi Zheng , Yuxuan Xia , Shengjie Wang

Operator fusion has become a key optimization for deep learning, which combines multiple deep learning operators to improve data reuse and reduce global memory transfers. However, existing tensor compilers struggle to fuse complex reduction…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yifan Zhao , Egan Johnson , Prasanth Chatarasi , Vikram Adve , Sasa Misailovic

The architecture of Vision Transformers (ViTs), particularly the Multi-head Attention (MHA) mechanism, imposes substantial hardware demands. Deploying ViTs on devices with varying constraints, such as mobile phones, requires multiple models…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Janek Haberer , Ali Hojjat , Olaf Landsiedel

Long-context modeling is crucial for next-generation language models, yet the high computational cost of standard attention mechanisms poses significant computational challenges. Sparse attention offers a promising direction for improving…

Transformer architecture has been very successful long runner in the field of Deep Learning (DL) and Large Language Models (LLM) because of its powerful attention-based learning and parallel-natured architecture. As the models grow gigantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Phani Kumar , Nyshadham , Jyothendra Varma , Polisetty V R K , Aditya Rathore

Large language models (LLMs) with Transformer architectures have become phenomenal in natural language processing, multimodal generative artificial intelligence, and agent-oriented artificial intelligence. The self-attention module is the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Rongqing Cong , Wenyang He , Mingxuan Li , Bangning Luo , Zebin Yang , Yuchao Yang , Ru Huang , Bonan Yan

One limitation of existing Transformer-based models is that they cannot handle very long sequences as input since their self-attention operations exhibit quadratic time and space complexity. This problem becomes especially acute when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuzhen Mao , Martin Ester , Ke Li

With the introduction of Transformers, different attention-based models have been proposed for image segmentation with promising results. Although self-attention allows capturing of long-range dependencies, it suffers from a quadratic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Ken C. L. Wong , Hongzhi Wang , Tanveer Syeda-Mahmood