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Multi-Head Latent Attention (MLA), introduced in DeepSeek-V2, improves the efficiency of large language models by projecting query, key, and value tensors into a compact latent space. This architectural change reduces the KV-cache size and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Robin Geens , Marian Verhelst

Initially introduced as a machine translation model, the Transformer architecture has now become the foundation for modern deep learning architecture, with applications in a wide range of fields, from computer vision to natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Martin Courtois , Malte Ostendorff , Leonhard Hennig , Georg Rehm

Models such as VGGT and $\pi^3$ have shown strong multi-view 3D performance, but their heavy reliance on global self-attention results in high computational cost. Existing sparse-attention variants offer partial speedups, yet lack a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Xianbing Sun , Zhikai Zhu , Zhengyu Lou , Bo Yang , Jinyang Tang , Liqing Zhang , He Wang , Jianfu Zhang

FlashAttention-style online softmax enables exact attention computation with linear memory by streaming score tiles through on-chip memory and maintaining a running maximum and normalizer. However, as attention kernels approach peak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Yupeng Sun , Yanzhao Li , Zhiqiang Zou , Bai Du , Zhiyuan Zhang , Hui Dong , Gaoyige Fan , Hui Wang

Large Language Models struggle with memory demands from the growing Key-Value (KV) cache as context lengths increase. Existing compression methods homogenize head dimensions or rely on attention-guided token pruning, often sacrificing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Xiaoran Liu , Siyang He , Qiqi Wang , Ruixiao Li , Yuerong Song , Zhigeng Liu , Linlin Li , Qun Liu , Zengfeng Huang , Qipeng Guo , Ziwei He , Xipeng Qiu

The Transformer architecture has significantly advanced deep learning, particularly in natural language processing, by effectively managing long-range dependencies. However, as the demand for understanding complex relationships grows,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Qian Chen , Wen Wang , Qinglin Zhang , Siqi Zheng , Shiliang Zhang , Chong Deng , Hai Yu , Jiaqing Liu , Yukun Ma , Chong Zhang

Vision Transformers and their variants have achieved remarkable success in diverse visual perception tasks. Despite their effectiveness, they suffer from two significant limitations. First, the quadratic computational complexity of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Ali K. Rahimian , Manish K. Govind , Subhajit Maity , Dominick Reilly , Christian Kümmerle , Srijan Das , Aritra Dutta

Ever since their conception, Transformers have taken over traditional sequence models in many tasks, such as NLP, image classification, and video/audio processing, for their fast training and superior performance. Much of the merit is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Hongyu Hè , Marko Kabic

The rise of disaggregated AI GPUs has exposed a critical bottleneck in large-scale attention workloads: non-uniform memory access (NUMA). As multi-chiplet designs become the norm for scaling compute capabilities, memory latency and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Mansi Choudhary , Karthik Sangaiah , Sonali Singh , Muhammad Osama , Lisa Wu Wills , Ganesh Dasika

The evolution of Vision Transformers has led to their widespread adaptation to different domains. Despite large-scale success, there remain significant challenges including their reliance on extensive computational and memory resources for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Suyash Gaurav , Muhammad Farhan Humayun , Jukka Heikkonen , Jatin Chaudhary

Transformers have been proven a successful model for a variety of tasks in sequence modeling. However, computing the attention matrix, which is their key component, has quadratic complexity with respect to the sequence length, thus making…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Apoorv Vyas , Angelos Katharopoulos , François Fleuret

The success of self-attention lies in its ability to capture long-range dependencies and enhance context understanding, but it is limited by its computational complexity and challenges in handling sequential data with inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Md Kowsher , Nusrat Jahan Prottasha , Chun-Nam Yu , Ozlem Ozmen Garibay , Niloofar Yousefi

Multi-query attention (MQA), which only uses a single key-value head, drastically speeds up decoder inference. However, MQA can lead to quality degradation, and moreover it may not be desirable to train a separate model just for faster…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Joshua Ainslie , James Lee-Thorp , Michiel de Jong , Yury Zemlyanskiy , Federico Lebrón , Sumit Sanghai

Although quantization for linear layers has been widely used, its application to accelerate the attention process remains limited. To further enhance the efficiency of attention computation compared to SageAttention while maintaining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Jintao Zhang , Haofeng Huang , Pengle Zhang , Jia Wei , Jun Zhu , Jianfei Chen

Mixture of Block Attention (MoBA) (Lu et al., 2025) is a promising building block for efficiently processing long contexts in LLMs by enabling queries to sparsely attend to a small subset of key-value blocks, drastically reducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Guangxuan Xiao , Junxian Guo , Kasra Mazaheri , Song Han

Modern large language models increasingly require long contexts for reasoning and multi-document tasks, but attention's quadratic complexity creates a severe computational bottleneck. We present Block-Sparse FlashAttention (BSFA), a drop-in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Daniel Ohayon , Itay Lamprecht , Itay Hubara , Israel Cohen , Daniel Soudry , Noam Elata

Existing methods for training LLMs on long-sequence data, such as Tensor Parallelism and Context Parallelism, exhibit low Model FLOPs Utilization as sequence lengths and number of GPUs increase, especially when sequence lengths exceed 1M…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ao Sun , Weilin Zhao , Xu Han , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Chuan Shi , Maosong sun

The Transformer translation model is based on the multi-head attention mechanism, which can be parallelized easily. The multi-head attention network performs the scaled dot-product attention function in parallel, empowering the model by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Hongfei Xu , Qiuhui Liu , Josef van Genabith , Deyi Xiong

Speech enhancement is a demanding task in automated speech processing pipelines, focusing on separating clean speech from noisy channels. Transformer based models have recently bested RNN and CNN models in speech enhancement, however at the…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Jinyu Long , Jetic Gū , Binhao Bai , Zhibo Yang , Ping Wei , Junli Li

Recently, Transformers have shown promising performance in various vision tasks. To reduce the quadratic computation complexity caused by the global self-attention, various methods constrain the range of attention within a local region to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Sitong Wu , Tianyi Wu , Haoru Tan , Guodong Guo