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We consider a stochastic tournament game in which each player is rewarded based on her rank in terms of the completion time of her own task and is subject to cost of effort. When players are homogeneous and the rewards are purely rank…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-11-02 Erhan Bayraktar , Jakša Cvitanić , Yuchong Zhang

Graph games provide the foundation for modeling and synthesis of reactive processes. Such games are played over graphs where the vertices are controlled by two adversarial players. We consider graph games where the objective of the first…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Krishnendu Chatterjee , Monika Henzinger , Alexander Svozil

In knockout tournaments, players compete in successive rounds, with losers eliminated and winners advancing until a single champion remains. Given a tournament digraph $D$, which encodes the outcomes of all possible matches, and a…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Zhonghao Wang , Junqiang Peng , Yuxi Liu , Mingyu Xiao

A tournament is an oriented complete graph. The problem of ranking tournaments was firstly investigated by P. Erd\H{o}s and J. W. Moon. By probabilistic methods, the existence of "unrankable" tournaments was proved. On the other hand, they…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-28 Shohei Satake

In the light of the need to achieve a ranking which is understood by all tennis supporters, the ATP ranking is exposed to constant complaints from players and at the same time exposes new players to be benefited with a good tournament to be…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2017-12-01 Alex Aronson

In this paper we bring a novel approach to the theory of tournament rankings. We combine two different theories that are widely used to establish rankings of populations after a given tournament. First, we use the statistical approach of…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 M. Brozos-Vazquez , M. A. Campo-Cabana , J. C. Diaz-Ramos , J. Gonzalez-Diaz

Single-elimination (SE) tournaments are a popular format used in competitive environments and decision making. Algorithms for SE tournament manipulation have been an active topic of research in recent years. In this paper, we initiate the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Sushmita Gupta , M. S. Ramanujan , Peter Strulo

Knockout tournaments, also known as single-elimination or cup tournaments, are a popular form of sports competitions. In the standard probabilistic setting, for each pairing of players, one of the players wins the game with a certain (a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Juhi Chaudhary , Hendrik Molter , Meirav Zehavi

The organizer of a machine learning competition faces the problem of maintaining an accurate leaderboard that faithfully represents the quality of the best submission of each competing team. What makes this estimation problem particularly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-02-17 Avrim Blum , Moritz Hardt

We study a stochastic process that mimics single-game elimination tournaments. In our model, the outcome of each match is stochastic: the weaker player wins with upset probability q<=1/2, and the stronger player wins with probability 1-q.…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Ben-Naim , S. Redner , F. Vazquez

The pattern of a matrix M is a (0,1)-matrix which replaces all non-zero entries of M with a 1. A directed graph is said to support M if its adjacency matrix is the pattern of M. If M is an orthogonal matrix, then a digraph which supports M…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 J. Richard Lundgren , K. B. Reid , Simone Severini , Dustin J. Stewart

In multiplayer games with sequential decision-making, self-interested players form dynamic coalitions to achieve most-preferred temporal goals beyond their individual capabilities. We introduce a novel procedure to synthesize strategies…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-31 A. Kaan Ata Yilmaz , Abhishek Kulkarni , Ufuk Topcu

We study the complexity of solving two-player infinite duration games played on a fixed finite graph, where the control of a node is not predetermined but rather assigned randomly. In classic random-turn games, control of each node is…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Sarvin Bahmani , Rasmus Ibsen-Jensen , Soumyajit Paul , Sven Schewe , Friedrich Slivovsky , Qiyi Tang , Dominik Wojtczak , Shufang Zhu

Scheduling a sports tournament is a complex optimization problem, which requires a large number of hard constraints to satisfy. Despite the availability of several such constraints in the literature, there remains a gap since most of the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-06-18 Syed Rameez Naqvi , Adnan Ahmad , S. M. Riazul Islam , Tallha Akram , M. Abdullah-Al-Wadud , Atif Alamri

A tournament is a complete directed graph. A king in a tournament is a vertex v such that every other vertex is reachable from v via a path of length at most 2. It is well known that every tournament has at least one king, one of which is a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Nikhil S. Mande , Manaswi Paraashar , Swagato Sanyal , Nitin Saurabh

Constructing a suitable schedule for sports competitions is a crucial issue in sports scheduling. The round-robin tournament is a competition adopted in many professional sports. For most round-robin tournaments, it is considered…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Koichi Fujii , Tomomi Matsui

We introduce a novel system of matching and scoring players in tournaments, called Multi-Tier Tournaments, illustrated by chess and based on the following rules: 1. Players are divided into skill-based tiers, based on their Elo ratings. 2.…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-07-22 Steven J. Brams , Mehmet S. Ismail

A king in a directed graph is a vertex $v$ such that every other vertex is reachable from $v$ via a path of length at most $2$. It is well known that every tournament (a complete graph where each edge has a direction) has at least one king.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Ziad Ismaili Alaoui , Nikhil S. Mande

We analyze the dynamics of competitions with a large number of players. In our model, n players compete against each other and the winner is decided based on the standings: in each competition, the mth ranked player wins. We solve for the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 E. Ben-Naim , B. Kahng , J. S. Kim

We characterize robust tournament design -- the prize scheme that maximizes the lowest effort in a rank-order tournament where the distribution of noise is unknown, except for an upper bound, $\bar{H}$, on its Shannon entropy. The robust…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-07-23 Mikhail Drugov , Dmitry Ryvkin