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Large language model (LLM) inference often suffers from high decoding latency and limited scalability across heterogeneous edge-cloud environments. Existing speculative decoding (SD) techniques accelerate token generation but remain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Fengze Yu , Leshu Li , Brad McDanel , Sai Qian Zhang

Multilayer networks have become increasingly ubiquitous across diverse scientific fields, ranging from social sciences and biology to economics and international relations. Despite their broad applications, the inferential theory for…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-24 Zhaozhe Liu , Gongjun Xu , Haoran Zhang

In the era of deep learning (DL), convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and large language models (LLMs), machine learning (ML) models are becoming increasingly complex, demanding significant computational resources for both inference and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Madison Threadgill , Andreas Gerstlauer

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) enable powerful cross-modal reasoning capabilities but impose substantial computational and latency burdens, posing critical challenges for deployment on resource-constrained edge devices. In this…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zheming Yang , Qi Guo , Jun Wan , Jiarui Ruan , Yunqing Hu , Chang Zhao , Xiangyang Li

Distributed optimization concerns the optimization of a common function in a distributed network, which finds a wide range of applications ranging from machine learning to vehicle platooning. Its key operation is to aggregate all local…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-04-15 Zhenyi Lin , Yi Gong , Kaibin Huang

Edge computing enables real-time data processing closer to its source, thus improving the latency and performance of edge-enabled AI applications. However, traditional AI models often fall short when dealing with complex, dynamic tasks that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Haoxiang Luo , Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Gang Sun , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Zehui Xiong , Xianbin Wang , Xuemin Shen

The proliferation of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices and cloud-computing applications over siloed data centers is motivating renewed interest in the collaborative training of a shared model by multiple individual clients via federated…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Hong Xing , Osvaldo Simeone , Suzhi Bi

The customization of large language models (LLMs) for user-specified tasks gets important. However, maintaining all the customized LLMs on cloud servers incurs substantial memory and computational overheads, and uploading user data can also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Jihwan Bang , Juntae Lee , Kyuhong Shim , Seunghan Yang , Simyung Chang

For distributed learning among collaborative users, this paper develops and analyzes a communication-efficient scheme for federated learning (FL) over the air, which incorporates 1-bit compressive sensing (CS) into analog aggregation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-31 Xin Fan , Yue Wang , Yan Huo , Zhi Tian

The ever-increasing sizes of large language models necessitate distributed solutions for fast inference that exploit multi-dimensional parallelism, where computational loads are split across various accelerators such as GPU clusters.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Qingyuan Li , Bo Zhang , Liang Ye , Yifan Zhang , Wei Wu , Yerui Sun , Lin Ma , Yuchen Xie

Language models (LMs) are machine learning models designed to predict linguistic patterns by estimating the probability of word sequences based on large-scale datasets, such as text. LMs have a wide range of applications in natural language…

Distributed inference serves as a promising approach to enabling the inference of large language models (LLMs) at the network edge. It distributes the inference process to multiple devices to ensure that the LLMs can fit into the device…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xing Liu , Lizhuo Luo , Ming Tang , Chao Huang , Xu Chen

This paper investigates compact large language model (LLM) deployment and world-model-assisted inference offloading in mobile edge computing (MEC) networks. We first propose an edge compact LLM deployment (ECLD) framework that jointly…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ruichen Zhang , Xiaofeng Luo , Jiayi He , Dusit Niyato , Jiawen Kang , Zehui Xiong , Yonghui Li

We are witnessing a new era where problem-solving and cognitive tasks are being increasingly delegated to Large Language Models (LLMs) across diverse domains, ranging from code generation to holiday planning. This trend also creates a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Baris Yamansavascilar , Atay Ozgovde , Cem Ersoy

Tensor parallelism provides an effective way to increase server large language model (LLM) inference efficiency despite adding an additional communication cost. However, as server LLMs continue to scale in size, they will need to be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Harry Dong , Tyler Johnson , Minsik Cho , Emad Soroush

In this paper, we investigate the communication designs of over-the-air computation (AirComp) empowered federated learning (FL) systems considering uplink model aggregation and downlink model dissemination jointly. We first derive an upper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Deyou Zhang , Ming Xiao , Mikael Skoglund

Many real-world applications are widely adopting the edge computing paradigm due to its low latency and better privacy protection. With notable success in AI and deep learning (DL), edge devices and AI accelerators play a crucial role in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Piyush Subedi , Jianwei Hao , In Kee Kim , Lakshmish Ramaswamy

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized various artificial intelligence (AI) applications, from natural language processing to code generation. However, the computational demands of these models, particularly in…

Fine-tuning is the process of adapting the pre-trained large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks. Due to substantial parameters, fine-tuning LLMs on mobile devices demands considerable memory resources, and suffers from high…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Songge Zhang , Guoliang Cheng , Xinyu Huang , Zuguang Li , Wen Wu , Lingyang Song , Xuemin Shen

We study a distributed machine learning problem carried out by an edge server and multiple agents in a wireless network. The objective is to minimize a global function that is a sum of the agents' local loss functions. And the optimization…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Howard H. Yang , Zihan Chen , Tony Q. S. Quek , H. Vincent Poor