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Distributed machine learning (ML) over wireless networks hinges on accurate channel state information (CSI) and efficient exchange of high-dimensional model updates. These demands are governed by channel coherence time and bandwidth, which…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mehdi Karbalayghareh , David J. Love , Christopher G. Brinton

Device-cloud collaboration holds promise for deploying large language models (LLMs), leveraging lightweight on-device models for efficiency while relying on powerful cloud models for superior reasoning. A central challenge in this setting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Wenzhi Fang , Dong-Jun Han , Liangqi Yuan , Evan Chen , Christopher Brinton

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models (LLMs) in a distributed manner poses significant challenges on resource-constrained edge networks. To address this challenge, we propose SflLLM, a novel framework that integrates split federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Kai Zhao , Zhaohui Yang , Ye Hu , Mingzhe Chen , Chen Zhu , Zhaoyang Zhang

Hybrid Language Models (HLMs) combine the low-latency efficiency of Small Language Models (SLMs) on edge devices with the high accuracy of Large Language Models (LLMs) on centralized servers. Unlike traditional end-to-end LLM inference,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Faranaksadat Solat , Joohyung Lee , Mohamed Seif , Dusit Niyato , H. Vincent Poor

Deploying Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices enhances privacy but faces performance hurdles due to limited resources. We introduce a systematic methodology to evaluate on-device LLMs, balancing capability, efficiency, and resource…

Most Large Language Models (LLMs) are currently deployed in the cloud, with users relying on internet connectivity for access. However, this paradigm faces challenges such as network latency, privacy concerns, and bandwidth limits. Thus,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Hao Xu , Long Peng , Shezheng Song , Xiaodong Liu , Ma Jun , Shasha Li , Jie Yu , Xiaoguang Mao

Dramatic increases in the capabilities of neural network models in recent years are driven by scaling model size, training data, and corresponding computational resources. To develop the exceedingly large networks required in modern…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Jared Fernandez , Luca Wehrstedt , Leonid Shamis , Mostafa Elhoushi , Kalyan Saladi , Yonatan Bisk , Emma Strubell , Jacob Kahn

Over-the-air computation is a communication-efficient solution for federated learning (FL). In such a system, iterative procedure is performed: Local gradient of private loss function is updated, amplified and then transmitted by every…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Rongfei Fan , Xuming An , Shiyuan Zuo , Han Hu

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance across a wide range of applications, often outperforming human experts. However, deploying these gigantic models efficiently for diverse inference use cases requires carefully…

While deploying large language models on edge devices promises low-latency and privacy-preserving AI services, it is hindered by limited device resources. Although pipeline parallelism facilitates distributed inference, existing approaches…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xuran Liu , Nan Xue , Rui Bao , Yaping Sun , Zhiyong Chen , Meixia Tao , Xiaodong Xu , Shuguang Cui

Aligning future system design with the ever-increasing compute needs of large language models (LLMs) is undoubtedly an important problem in today's world. Here, we propose a general performance modeling methodology and workload analysis of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joyjit Kundu , Wenzhe Guo , Ali BanaGozar , Udari De Alwis , Sourav Sengupta , Puneet Gupta , Arindam Mallik

Transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) have made a significant impact on various domains. However, LLMs' efficiency suffers from both heavy computation and memory overheads. Compression techniques like sparsification and…

Large language models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly, emerging as versatile tools across fields thanks to their exceptional language understanding, generation, and reasoning capabilities. However, performing LLM inference at the network edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Zhixiong Chen , Bingjie Zhu , Jiangzhou Wang , Hyundong Shin , Arumugam Nallanathan , Dusit Niyato

The widespread adoption of Language Models (LMs) across industries is driving interest in deploying these services across the computing continuum, from the cloud to the network edge. This shift aims to reduce costs, lower latency, and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-30 SiYoung Jang , Roberto Morabito

To achieve communication-efficient federated multitask learning (FMTL), we propose an over-the-air FMTL (OAFMTL) framework, where multiple learning tasks deployed on edge devices share a non-orthogonal fading channel under the coordination…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Haoming Ma , Xiaojun Yuan , Zhi Ding , Dian Fan , Jun Fang

Edge intelligence enables AI inference at the network edge, co-located with or near the radio access network, rather than in centralized clouds or on mobile devices. It targets low-latency, resource-constrained applications with large data…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Jaume Anguera Peris , Joakim Jaldén

With the explosive growth of data and wireless devices, federated learning (FL) over wireless medium has emerged as a promising technology for large-scale distributed intelligent systems. Yet, the urgent demand for ubiquitous intelligence…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-05-09 Chenxi Zhong , Huiyuan Yang , Xiaojun Yuan

Large language models (LLM) are advanced AI systems trained on extensive textual data, leveraging deep learning techniques to understand and generate human-like language. Today's LLMs with billions of parameters are so huge that hardly any…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Sheikh Azizul Hakim , Saem Hasan

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have inspired new studies in myriad edge applications with robots, autonomous agents, and Internet-of-things (IoT) devices. However, performing inference of DNNs in the edge is still a severe challenge, mainly…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-18 Ramyad Hadidi , Bahar Asgari , Jiashen Cao , Younmin Bae , Da Eun Shim , Hyojong Kim , Sung-Kyu Lim , Michael S. Ryoo , Hyesoon Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable human-like predictive capabilities. However, it is challenging to deploy LLMs to provide efficient and adaptive inference services at the edge. This paper proposes a novel Cloud-Edge…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Hongpeng Jin , Yanzhao Wu
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