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Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities through long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning. The R1 distillation scheme has emerged as a promising approach for training…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Yijia Luo , Yulin Song , Xingyao Zhang , Jiaheng Liu , Weixun Wang , GengRu Chen , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

The push to compress and impart the proficiency of Large Language Models (LLMs) into more deployable and efficient Small Language Models (SLMs) has benefited from improvements in knowledge distillation (KD) techniques. These techniques…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Shreyansh Padarha

Accurate clinical diagnosis requires extensive domain knowledge and complex clinical reasoning capabilities. Although large language models (LLMs) hold great potential for clinical reasoning, their high computational and memory requirements…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xinchun Su , Chunxu Luo , Lipeng Ma , Yixuan Li , Weidong Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) prompted to generate chain-of-thought (CoT) exhibit impressive reasoning capabilities. Recent attempts at prompt decomposition toward solving complex, multi-step reasoning problems depend on the ability of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Gurusha Juneja , Subhabrata Dutta , Soumen Chakrabarti , Sunny Manchanda , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) with remarkable capabilities but typically requires prohibitive parameter scales. CoT distillation has emerged as a promising paradigm to transfer reasoning prowess into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jin Cui , Jiaqi Guo , Ruixuan Yang , Jiayi Lu , Jiepeng Zhou , Jiajun Xu , Jiangcheng Song , Boran Zhao , Pengju Ren

Leveraging shared learning through Massively Multilingual Models, state-of-the-art machine translation models are often able to adapt to the paucity of data for low-resource languages. However, this performance comes at the cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Harshita Diddee , Sandipan Dandapat , Monojit Choudhury , Tanuja Ganu , Kalika Bali

Self-distillation has emerged as an effective post-training paradigm for LLMs, often improving performance while shortening reasoning traces. However, in mathematical reasoning, we find that it can reduce response length while degrading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Jeonghye Kim , Xufang Luo , Minbeom Kim , Sangmook Lee , Dohyung Kim , Jiwon Jeon , Dongsheng Li , Yuqing Yang

Top-performing machine learning systems, such as deep neural networks, large ensembles and complex probabilistic graphical models, can be expensive to store, slow to evaluate and hard to integrate into larger systems. Ideally, we would like…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-10-09 George Papamakarios

We propose a resource-efficient framework for compressing large language models through knowledge distillation, combined with guided chain-of-thought reinforcement learning. Using Qwen 3B as the teacher and Qwen 0.5B as the student, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Alejandro Paredes La Torre , Barbara Flores , Diego Rodriguez

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has significantly enhanced their reasoning abilities, enabling increasingly complex tasks. However, these capabilities often diminish in smaller, more computationally efficient models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Yong Zhang , Bingyuan Zhang , Zhitao Li , Ming Li , Ning Cheng , Minchuan Chen , Tao Wei , Jun Ma , Shaojun Wang , Jing Xiao

Knowledge distillation offers a transformative pathway to developing powerful, yet efficient, small language models (SLMs) suitable for resource-constrained environments. In this paper, we benchmark the performance and computational cost of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sachin Gopal Wani , Eric Page , Ajay Dholakia , David Ellison

Knowledge distillation allows smaller neural networks to emulate the performance of larger, teacher models with reduced computational demands. Traditional methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) often necessitate extensive fine-tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Tyler McDonald , Ali Emami

Large Language Models (LLMs) with reasoning capabilities have achieved state-of-the-art performance on a wide range of tasks. Despite its empirical success, the tasks and model scales at which reasoning becomes effective, as well as its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Nicolas Boizard , Hippolyte Gisserot-Boukhlef , Kevin El-Haddad , Céline Hudelot , Pierre Colombo

In this paper, we propose that small models may not need to absorb the cost of pre-training to reap its benefits. Instead, they can capitalize on the astonishing results achieved by modern, enormous models to a surprising degree. We observe…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Sean Farhat , Deming Chen

Reasoning in mathematical domains remains a significant challenge for relatively small language models (LMs). Many current methods focus on specializing LMs in mathematical reasoning and rely heavily on knowledge distillation from powerful…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Zhenwen Liang , Dian Yu , Xiaoman Pan , Wenlin Yao , Qingkai Zeng , Xiangliang Zhang , Dong Yu

Model distillation is a fundamental technique in building large language models (LLMs), transferring knowledge from a teacher model to a student model. However, distillation can lead to model homogenization, reducing diversity among models…

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly prevalent in our daily lives, leading to an expectation for LLMs to be trustworthy -- - both accurate and well-calibrated (the prediction confidence should align with its ground truth…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 KaShun Shum , Minrui Xu , Jianshu Zhang , Zixin Chen , Shizhe Diao , Hanze Dong , Jipeng Zhang , Muhammad Omer Raza

The enhancement of mathematical capabilities in large language models (LLMs) fosters new developments in mathematics education within primary and secondary schools, particularly as they relate to intelligent tutoring systems. However, LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Zhenquan Shen , Xinguo Yu , Xiaotian Cheng , Rao Peng , Hao Ming

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional capabilities across various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, such impressive performance often comes with the trade-off of an increased parameter size,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Minchong Li , Feng Zhou , Xiaohui Song

In this work, we present the first systematic evaluation of catastrophic forgetting and modality inequivalence in speech large language models, showing that introducing speech capabilities can degrade knowledge and reasoning even when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Enzhi Wang , Qicheng Li , Zhiyuan Tang , Yuhang Jia
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