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Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved unprecedented success across various applications, but their substantial memory requirements pose significant challenges to current memory system designs, especially during inference. Our work…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhongchun Zhou , Chengtao Lai , Wei Zhang

Large language models~(LLMs) are known for their high demand on computing resources and memory due to their substantial model size, which leads to inefficient inference on moderate GPU systems. Techniques like quantization or pruning can…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Shaohuai Shi , Xuan Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have driven significant progress, yet their growing parameter counts and context windows incur prohibitive compute, energy, and monetary costs. We introduce EfficientLLM, a novel benchmark and the first…

Weight quantization effectively reduces memory consumption and enable the deployment of Large Language Models on edge devices, yet existing hardware-friendly methods often rely on uniform quantization, which suffers from poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Xin Nie , Liang Dong , Haicheng Zhang , Jiawang Xiao , G. Sun

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated transformative capabilities across diverse artificial intelligence applications, yet their deployment is hindered by substantial memory and computational demands, especially in…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Feng Cheng , Cong Guo , Chiyue Wei , Junyao Zhang , Changchun Zhou , Edward Hanson , Jiaqi Zhang , Xiaoxiao Liu , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained significant attention due to their versatility across a wide array of applications. Fine-tuning LLMs with parameter-efficient adapters, such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), enables these models to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Zheyu Shen , Yexiao He , Ziyao Wang , Yuning Zhang , Guoheng Sun , Wanghao Ye , Ang Li

Aligning future system design with the ever-increasing compute needs of large language models (LLMs) is undoubtedly an important problem in today's world. Here, we propose a general performance modeling methodology and workload analysis of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Joyjit Kundu , Wenzhe Guo , Ali BanaGozar , Udari De Alwis , Sourav Sengupta , Puneet Gupta , Arindam Mallik

With the growing demand for deploying large language models (LLMs) across diverse applications, improving their inference efficiency is crucial for sustainable and democratized access. However, retraining LLMs to meet new user-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Mingyu Yang , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Guihong Li , Vikram Appia , Emad Barsoum

The increasing size of large language models (LLMs) challenges their usage on resource-constrained platforms. For example, memory on modern GPUs is insufficient to hold LLMs that are hundreds of Gigabytes in size. Offloading is a popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Donghyeon Joo , Ramyad Hadidi , Soheil Feizi , Bahar Asgari

The typical Selective State-Space Model (SSM) used in Mamba addresses several limitations of Transformers, such as the quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length and the significant memory requirements during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shengkun Tang , Liqun Ma , Haonan Li , Mingjie Sun , Zhiqiang Shen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success in various fields, the efficiency of training and inference remains a major challenge. To address this issue, we propose SUBLLM, short for Subsampling-Upsampling-Bypass…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Quandong Wang , Yuxuan Yuan , Xiaoyu Yang , Ruike Zhang , Kang Zhao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Daniel Povey , Bin Wang

Efficiently deploying large language models (LLMs) in real-world scenarios remains a critical challenge, primarily due to hardware heterogeneity, inference framework limitations, and workload complexities.Efficiently deploying large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yanyu Chen , Ganhong Huang

The high computational and memory requirements of large language model (LLM) inference make it feasible only with multiple high-end accelerators. Motivated by the emerging demand for latency-insensitive tasks with batched processing, this…

This paper presents a novel approach to fine-tuning the Qwen2-1.5B model for Arabic language processing using Quantized Low-Rank Adaptation (QLoRA) on a system with only 4GB VRAM. We detail the process of adapting this large language model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Prakash Aryan

The burgeoning computational demands for training large language models (LLMs) necessitate efficient methods, including quantized training, which leverages low-bit arithmetic operations to reduce costs. While FP8 precision has shown…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jiecheng Zhou , Ding Tang , Rong Fu , Boni Hu , Haoran Xu , Yi Wang , Zhilin Pei , Zhongling Su , Liang Liu , Xingcheng Zhang , Weiming Zhang

The increasing adoption of large language models (LLMs) on heterogeneous computing platforms poses significant challenges to achieving high inference efficiency. To address these efficiency bottlenecks across diverse platforms, this paper…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yaozheng Zhang , Wei Wang , Jie Kong , Jiehan Zhou , Xianwei Zhang , Huanqing Cui , Han Bao , Yuhai Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP) but demand massive GPU resources for training. Lowering the threshold for LLMs training would encourage greater participation from researchers, benefiting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Kai Lv , Yuqing Yang , Tengxiao Liu , Qinghui Gao , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

With the rise of Embodied Foundation Models (EFMs), most notably Small Language Models (SLMs), adapting Transformers for edge applications has become a very active field of research. However, achieving end-to-end deployment of SLMs on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Moritz Scherer , Luka Macan , Victor Jung , Philip Wiese , Luca Bompani , Alessio Burrello , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in NLP, but their demands hinder their widespread deployment. While Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) offers a solution, its extensive training costs make Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) a more practical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Jing Liu , Ruihao Gong , Xiuying Wei , Zhiwei Dong , Jianfei Cai , Bohan Zhuang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable abilities to generate code, however their ability to develop software for embedded systems, which requires cross-domain knowledge of hardware and software has not been studied. In this…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Zachary Englhardt , Richard Li , Dilini Nissanka , Zhihan Zhang , Girish Narayanswamy , Joseph Breda , Xin Liu , Shwetak Patel , Vikram Iyer
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