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Efficient long-context language modeling remains a significant challenge in Natural Language Processing (NLP). While Transformers dominate language tasks, they struggle with long sequences due to quadratic computational complexity in…

Decision Transformer, a promising approach that applies Transformer architectures to reinforcement learning, relies on causal self-attention to model sequences of states, actions, and rewards. While this method has shown competitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Toshihiro Ota

With the explosive growth of data, long-sequence modeling has become increasingly important in tasks such as natural language processing and bioinformatics. However, existing methods face inherent trade-offs between efficiency and memory.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Youjin Wang , Yangjingyi Chen , Jiahao Yan , Jiaxuan Lu , Xiao Sun

State-space models (SSMs), exemplified by S4, have introduced a novel context modeling method by integrating state-space techniques into deep learning. However, they struggle with global context modeling due to their data-independent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Hamid Suleman , Syed Talal Wasim , Muzammal Naseer , Juergen Gall

Transformer architectures have become a dominant paradigm for domains like language modeling but suffer in many inference settings due to their quadratic-time self-attention. Recently proposed subquadratic architectures, such as Mamba, have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Aviv Bick , Kevin Y. Li , Eric P. Xing , J. Zico Kolter , Albert Gu

U-shaped architectures have long dominated the field of medical image segmentation, while Transformers are widely employed for modeling long-range dependencies. The former typically handles scale variations implicitly by aggregating…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanhua Zhang , Ke Zhang , Jingyu Wang , Gabriella Balestra , Samanta Rosati , Yulin Wu , Wuwei Wang , Valentina Giannini

Scaling inference-time compute has emerged as an important driver of LLM performance, making inference efficiency a central focus of model design alongside model quality. While the current Transformer-based models deliver strong model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Aakash Lahoti , Kevin Y. Li , Berlin Chen , Caitlin Wang , Aviv Bick , J. Zico Kolter , Tri Dao , Albert Gu

Effective reasoning is crucial to solving complex mathematical problems. Recent large language models (LLMs) have boosted performance by scaling test-time computation through long chain-of-thought reasoning. However, transformer-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Junxiong Wang , Wen-Ding Li , Daniele Paliotta , Daniel Ritter , Alexander M. Rush , Tri Dao

While recent Transformer and Mamba architectures have advanced point cloud representation learning, they are typically developed for single-task or single-domain settings. Directly applying them to multi-task domain generalization (DG)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Jincen Jiang , Qianyu Zhou , Yuhang Li , Kui Su , Meili Wang , Jian Chang , Jian Jun Zhang , Xuequan Lu

Mamba is an effective state space model with linear computation complexity. It has recently shown impressive efficiency in dealing with high-resolution inputs across various vision tasks. In this paper, we reveal that the powerful Mamba…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Dongchen Han , Ziyi Wang , Zhuofan Xia , Yizeng Han , Yifan Pu , Chunjiang Ge , Jun Song , Shiji Song , Bo Zheng , Gao Huang

The typical Selective State-Space Model (SSM) used in Mamba addresses several limitations of Transformers, such as the quadratic computational complexity with respect to sequence length and the significant memory requirements during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Shengkun Tang , Liqun Ma , Haonan Li , Mingjie Sun , Zhiqiang Shen

In-context learning (ICL) of large language models has proven to be a surprisingly effective method of learning a new task from only a few demonstrative examples. In this paper, we study the efficacy of ICL from the viewpoint of statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-03 Juno Kim , Tai Nakamaki , Taiji Suzuki

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have attracted widespread interest and have rich applications. However, the inherent attention mechanism in its Transformer structure requires quadratic complexity and results in expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Yanyuan Qiao , Zheng Yu , Longteng Guo , Sihan Chen , Zijia Zhao , Mingzhen Sun , Qi Wu , Jing Liu

This work presents Mamba Imitation Learning (MaIL), a novel imitation learning (IL) architecture that provides an alternative to state-of-the-art (SoTA) Transformer-based policies. MaIL leverages Mamba, a state-space model designed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Xiaogang Jia , Qian Wang , Atalay Donat , Bowen Xing , Ge Li , Hongyi Zhou , Onur Celik , Denis Blessing , Rudolf Lioutikov , Gerhard Neumann

Dynamic graph embedding has emerged as an important technique for modeling complex time-evolving networks across diverse domains. While transformer-based models have shown promise in capturing long-range dependencies in temporal graph data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Ashish Parmanand Pandey , Alan John Varghese , Sarang Patil , Mengjia Xu

Token-free language models learn directly from raw bytes and remove the inductive bias of subword tokenization. Operating on bytes, however, results in significantly longer sequences. In this setting, standard autoregressive Transformers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Junxiong Wang , Tushaar Gangavarapu , Jing Nathan Yan , Alexander M. Rush

State-space models (SSMs) have recently demonstrated competitive performance to transformers at large-scale language modeling benchmarks while achieving linear time and memory complexity as a function of sequence length. Mamba, a recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Quentin Anthony , Yury Tokpanov , Paolo Glorioso , Beren Millidge

Transformer-based large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being adopted in networking research to address domain-specific challenges. However, their quadratic time complexity and substantial model sizes often result in significant…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Linhan Xia , Mingzhan Yang , Jingjing Wang , Ziwei Yan , Yakun Ren , Guo Yu , Kai Lei

Recent advancements in recurrent architectures, such as Mamba and RWKV, have showcased strong language capabilities. Unlike transformer-based models, these architectures encode all contextual information into a fixed-size state, leading to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yingfa Chen , Xinrong Zhang , Shengding Hu , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Image generation models have encountered challenges related to scalability and quadratic complexity, primarily due to the reliance on Transformer-based backbones. In this study, we introduce MaskMamba, a novel hybrid model that combines…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Wenchao Chen , Liqiang Niu , Ziyao Lu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou