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While general-purpose computing follows Von Neumann's architecture, the data movement between memory and processor elements dictates the processor's performance. The evolving compute-in-memory (CiM) paradigm tackles this issue by…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Dhandeep Challagundla , Ignatius Bezzam , Riadul Islam

Poor DRAM technology scaling over the course of many years has caused DRAM-based main memory to increasingly become a larger system bottleneck. A major reason for the bottleneck is that data stored within DRAM must be moved across a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-02-02 Saugata Ghose , Kevin Hsieh , Amirali Boroumand , Rachata Ausavarungnirun , Onur Mutlu

Deeply embedded systems often have the tightest constraints on energy consumption, requiring that they consume tiny amounts of current and run on batteries for years. However, they typically execute code directly from flash, instead of the…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-13 James Pallister , Kerstin Eder , Simon Hollis

The speed of modern digital systems is severely limited by memory latency (the ``Memory Wall'' problem). Data exchange between Logic and Memory is also responsible for a large part of the system energy consumption. Logic--In--Memory (LiM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Fabrizio Ottati , Giovanna Turvani , Marco Vacca , Guido Masera

Chiplet-based integration enables large-scale systems that combine diverse technologies, enabling higher yield, lower costs, and scalability, making them well-suited to AI workloads. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Alish Kanani , Lukas Pfromm , Harsh Sharma , Janardhan Rao Doppa , Partha Pratim Pande , Umit Y. Ogras

Processing in memory (PiM) represents a promising computing paradigm to enhance performance of numerous data-intensive applications. Variants performing computing directly in emerging nonvolatile memories can deliver very high energy…

Processing-in-Memory (PIM) enhances memory with computational capabilities, potentially solving energy and latency issues associated with data transfer between memory and processors. However, managing concurrent computation and data flow…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ahmed Mamdouh , Haoran Geng , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Dayane Reis

Compute-in-memory (CIM) presents an attractive approach for energy-efficient computing in data-intensive applications. However, the development of suitable memory designs to achieve high-performance CIM remains a challenging task. Here, we…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yuhao Shu , Hongtu Zhang , Hao Sun , Mengru Zhang , Wenfeng Zhao , Qi Deng , Zhidong Tang , Yumeng Yuan , Yongqi Hu , Yu Gu , Xufeng Kou , Yajun Ha

Processing-In-Memory (PIM) is a novel approach that augments existing DRAM memory chips with lightweight logic. By allowing to offload computations to the PIM system, this architecture allows for circumventing the data-bottleneck problem…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-18 André Lopes , Daniel Castro , Paolo Romano

The performance bottleneck of deep-learning-based recommender systems resides in their backbone Deep Neural Networks. By integrating Processing-In-Memory~(PIM) architectures, researchers can reduce data movement and enhance energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Feng Cheng , Tunhou Zhang , Junyao Zhang , Jonathan Hao-Cheng Ku , Yitu Wang , Xiaoxuan Yang , Hai , Li , Yiran Chen

Compute in-memory (CIM) is a promising technique that minimizes data transport, the primary performance bottleneck and energy cost of most data intensive applications. This has found wide-spread adoption in accelerating neural networks for…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-16 Brian Crafton , Samuel Spetalnick , Arijit Raychowdhury

As data-intensive applications increasingly strain conventional computing systems, processing-in-memory (PIM) has emerged as a promising paradigm to alleviate the memory wall by minimizing data transfer between memory and processing units.…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Thomas Neuner , Henriette Padberg , Lior Kornblum , Eilam Yalon , Pedram Khalili Amiri , Shahar Kvatinsky

The performance and efficiency of running large-scale datasets on traditional computing systems exhibit critical bottlenecks due to the existing "power wall" and "memory wall" problems. To resolve those problems, processing-in-memory (PIM)…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-22 Yinglin Zhao , Jianlei Yang , Bing Li , Xingzhou Cheng , Xucheng Ye , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Zhaohao Wang , Youguang Zhang , Weisheng Zhao

Edge computing is a popular target for accelerating machine learning algorithms supporting mobile devices without requiring the communication latencies to handle them in the cloud. Edge deployments of machine learning primarily consider…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sébastien Ollivier , Sheng Li , Yue Tang , Chayanika Chaudhuri , Peipei Zhou , Xulong Tang , Jingtong Hu , Alex K. Jones

Processing-in-memory (PIM), as a novel computing paradigm, provides significant performance benefits from the aspect of effective data movement reduction. SRAM-based PIM has been demonstrated as one of the most promising candidates due to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Xiaolin He , Yingjie Qi , Yikun Wang , Yiou Wang , Ziyan He , Bonan Yan , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Weitao Pan , Weisheng Zhao

In-memory database query processing frequently involves substantial data transfers between the CPU and memory, leading to inefficiencies due to Von Neumann bottleneck. Processing-in-Memory (PIM) architectures offer a viable solution to…

Processing-in-memory (PIM) is a transformative architectural paradigm designed to overcome the Von Neumann bottleneck. Among PIM architectures, digital SRAM-PIM emerges as a promising solution, offering significant advantages by directly…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Cenlin Duan , Jianlei Yang , Yikun Wang , Yiou Wang , Yingjie Qi , Xiaolin He , Bonan Yan , Xueyan Wang , Xiaotao Jia , Weisheng Zhao

Main memory (DRAM) significantly impacts the power and energy utilization of the overall server system. Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) devices, such as Phase Change Memory and Spin-Transfer Torque RAM, are suitable candidates for main memory to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Taeuk Kim , Safdar Jamil , Joongeon Park , Youngjae Kim

The human brain simultaneously optimizes synaptic weights and topology by growing, pruning, and strengthening synapses while performing all computation entirely in memory. In contrast, modern artificial-intelligence systems separate weight…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Songqi Wang , Yue Zhang , Jia Chen , Xinyuan Zhang , Yi Li , Ning Lin , Yangu He , Jichang Yang , Yingjie Yu , Yi Li , Zhongrui Wang , Xiaojuan Qi , Han Wang

Class-Incremental Learning (CIL) [40] trains classifiers under a strict memory budget: in each incremental phase, learning is done for new data, most of which is abandoned to free space for the next phase. The preserved data are exemplars…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Yaoyao Liu , Bernt Schiele , Qianru Sun