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The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism is steadily asserting itself as a new efficient and accurate tool in the ensemble of computational methods available to chemists in order to predict optical excitations in molecular systems. In…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-08-26 Xavier Blase , Ivan Duchemin , Denis Jacquemin , Pierre-François Loos

The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) based on GW quasiparticle levels is a successful approach for calculating the optical gaps and spectra of solids and also for predicting the neutral excitations of small molecules. We here present an…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-02-19 Chi Liu , Jan Kloppenburg , Xinguo Ren , Heiko Appel , Yosuke Kanai , Volker Blum

The predictive power of the ab initio Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) approach, rigorously based on many-body Green's function theory but incorporating information from density functional theory, has already been demonstrated for the optical…

Materials Science · Physics 2015-05-19 Fabien Bruneval , Samia M. Hamed , Jeffrey B. Neaton

We review the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) approach to the calculation of electronic excitation energies of molecular systems. We recall the general Green's function many-theory formalism and give the working equations of the BSE approach…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2013-04-05 Elisa Rebolini , Julien Toulouse , Andreas Savin

The GW plus Bethe-Salpeter equation (GW-BSE) formalism is a well-established approach for calculating excitation energies and optical spectra of molecules, nanostructures, and crystalline materials. We implement GW-BSE in the CP2K code and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-05-29 Maximilian Graml , Jan Wilhelm

The $GW$-Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) method is promising for calculating the low-lying excited states of molecular systems. So far, it has only been applied to rather small molecules, and in the commonly implemented diagonal…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-08-10 Arno Förster , Lucas Visscher

The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) is the key equation in many-body perturbation theory based on Green's functions to access response properties. Within the $GW$ approximation to the exchange-correlation kernel, the BSE has been successfully…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-02-15 Roberto Orlando , Pina Romaniello , Pierre-François Loos

The combination of the many-body Green's function $GW$ approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism has shown to be a promising alternative to time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) for computing vertical…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2020-06-05 Pierre-François Loos , Anthony Scemama , Ivan Duchemin , Denis Jacquemin , Xavier Blase

The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism, combined with the $GW$ approximation for ionization energies and electron affinities, is emerging as an efficient and accurate method for predicting optical excitations in molecules. In this…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-20 Johannes Tölle , Marios-Petros Kitsaras , Pierre-François Loos

We apply the renormalized singles (RS) Green's function in the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE)/$GW$ approach to predict accurate neutral excitation energies of molecular systems. The BSE calculations are performed on top of the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Jiachen Li , Dorothea Golze , Weitao Yang

The Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) can be applied to compute from first-principles optical spectra that include the effects of screened electron-hole interactions. As input, BSE calculations require single-particle states, quasiparticle…

Materials Science · Physics 2020-01-01 Joshua Elliott , Nicola Colonna , Margherita Marsili , Nicola Marzari , Paolo Umari

Many-body Green's functions theory within the GW approximation and the Bethe-Salpeter Equation (BSE) is implemented in the open-source VOTCA-XTP software, aiming at the calculation of electronically excited states in complex molecular…

Inspired by Grimme's simplified Tamm-Dancoff density functional theory approach [S. Grimme, J. Chem. Phys. \textbf{138}, 244104 (2013)], we describe a simplified approach to excited state calculations within the GW approximation to the…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2021-09-10 Yeongsu Cho , Sylvia J. Bintrim , Timothy C. Berkelbach

We present an energy-specific Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) implementation for efficient core and valence optical spectrum calculations. In energy-specific BSE, high-lying excitation energies are obtained by constructing trial vectors and…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-01-29 Christopher Hillenbrand , Jiachen Li , Tianyu Zhu

The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) is a powerful theoretical approach that is capable to accurately treat electron-hole interactions in materials in an excited state. We developed an ab initio framework based on the BSE to describe a…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-19 Nasrin Farahani , Daria Popova-Gorelova

In recent years, Green's function methods have garnered considerable interest due to their ability to target both charged and neutral excitations. Among them, the well-established $GW$ approximation provides accurate ionization potentials…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-08-31 Enzo Monino , Pierre-François Loos

The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) is a reliable model for estimating the absorption spectra in molecules and solids on the basis of accurate calculation of the excited states from first principles. This challenging task includes calculation…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2016-05-04 Peter Benner , Venera Khoromskaia , Boris N. Khoromskij

The Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) is currently the state of the art in the description of neutral electron excitations in both solids and large finite systems. It is capable of accurately treating charge-transfer excitations that present…

We present a first-principles method for the calculation of optical excitations in nanosystems. The method is based on solving the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) for neutral excitations. The electron self-energy is evaluated within the GW…

Materials Science · Physics 2009-11-11 Murilo L. Tiago , James R. Chelikowsky

We present a massively parallel, GPU-accelerated implementation of the Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) for the calculation of the vertical excitation energies (VEEs) and optical absorption spectra of condensed and molecular systems, starting…

Materials Science · Physics 2024-12-25 Victor Wen-zhe Yu , Yu Jin , Giulia Galli , Marco Govoni
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