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Transformers have achieved remarkable success in sequence modeling and beyond but suffer from quadratic computational and memory complexities with respect to the length of the input sequence. Leveraging techniques include sparse and linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Tan Nguyen , Richard G. Baraniuk , Robert M. Kirby , Stanley J. Osher , Bao Wang

The self-attention mechanism, at the heart of the Transformer model, is able to effectively model pairwise interactions between tokens. However, numerous recent works have shown that it is unable to perform basic tasks involving detecting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sayak Chakrabarti , Toniann Pitassi , Josh Alman

Efficient inference on GPUs using large language models remains challenging due to memory bandwidth limitations, particularly during data transfers between High Bandwidth Memory (HBM) and SRAM in attention computations. Approximate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Nirav Koley , Prajwal Singhania , Abhinav Bhatele

Transformers have been actively studied for time-series forecasting in recent years. While often showing promising results in various scenarios, traditional Transformers are not designed to fully exploit the characteristics of time-series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Gerald Woo , Chenghao Liu , Doyen Sahoo , Akshat Kumar , Steven Hoi

Optimal transport aims to estimate a transportation plan that minimizes a displacement cost. This is realized by optimizing the scalar product between the sought plan and the given cost, over the space of doubly stochastic matrices. When…

We design an Enriched Deep Recurrent Visual Attention Model (EDRAM) - an improved attention-based architecture for multiple object recognition. The proposed model is a fully differentiable unit that can be optimized end-to-end by using…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-13 Artsiom Ablavatski , Shijian Lu , Jianfei Cai

Translation equivariance is a fundamental inductive bias in image restoration, ensuring that translated inputs produce translated outputs. Attention mechanisms in modern restoration transformers undermine this property, adversely impacting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-24 JiaKui Hu , Zhengjian Yao , Lujia Jin , Hangzhou He , Yanye Lu

Transformers use the dense self-attention mechanism which gives a lot of flexibility for long-range connectivity. Over multiple layers of a deep transformer, the number of possible connectivity patterns increases exponentially. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-05 Md Shamim Hussain , Mohammed J. Zaki , Dharmashankar Subramanian

With the development of the self-attention mechanism, the Transformer model has demonstrated its outstanding performance in the computer vision domain. However, the massive computation brought from the full attention mechanism became a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Hai Lan , Xihao Wang , Xian Wei

In deep learning theory, the covariance matrix of the representations serves as a proxy to examine the network's trainability. Motivated by the success of Transformers, we study the covariance matrix of a modified Softmax-based attention…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-12 Lorenzo Noci , Chuning Li , Mufan Bill Li , Bobby He , Thomas Hofmann , Chris Maddison , Daniel M. Roy

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have been recently integrated into Transformer architectures due to their potential to reduce computational demands and to improve power efficiency. Yet, the implementation of the attention mechanism using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Zihang Song , Prabodh Katti , Osvaldo Simeone , Bipin Rajendran

In pursuit of faster computation, Efficient Transformers demonstrate an impressive variety of approaches -- models attaining sub-quadratic attention complexity can utilize a notion of sparsity or a low-rank approximation of inputs to reduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Uladzislau Yorsh , Alexander Kovalenko

Human action recognition has recently become one of the popular research topics in the computer vision community. Various 3D-CNN based methods have been presented to tackle both the spatial and temporal dimensions in the task of video…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Thanh-Dat Truong , Quoc-Huy Bui , Chi Nhan Duong , Han-Seok Seo , Son Lam Phung , Xin Li , Khoa Luu

Channel and spatial attention mechanisms introduced by earlier works enhance the representation abilities of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) but often lead to increased parameter and computation costs. While recent approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Rishabh Sabharwal , Ram Samarth B B , Parikshit Singh Rathore , Punit Rathore

Transformer models have achieved remarkable success in sequential recommender systems (SRSs). However, computing the attention matrix in traditional dot-product attention mechanisms results in a quadratic complexity with sequence lengths,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Langming Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Chi Zhang , Jingtong Gao , Wanyu Wang , Wenqi Fan , Yiqi Wang , Ming He , Zitao Liu , Qing Li

Transformers have demonstrated outstanding performance across a wide range of tasks, owing to their self-attention mechanism, but they are highly energy-consuming. Spiking Neural Networks have emerged as a promising energy-efficient…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yufei Guo , Xiaode Liu , Yuanpei Chen , Weihang Peng , Yuhan Zhang , Zhe Ma

Efficient Transformers have been developed for long sequence modeling, due to their subquadratic memory and time complexity. Sparse Transformer is a popular approach to improving the efficiency of Transformers by restricting self-attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Aosong Feng , Irene Li , Yuang Jiang , Rex Ying

As a foundational architecture of artificial intelligence models, Transformer has been recently adapted to spiking neural networks with promising performance across various tasks. However, existing spiking Transformer(ST)-based models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hongze Sun , Wuque Cai , Duo Chen , Quan Tang , Shifeng Mao , Jiayi He , Zhenxing Wang , Yan Cui , Dezhong Yao , Daqing Guo

Models based on the Transformer architecture have achieved better accuracy than the ones based on competing architectures for a large set of tasks. A unique feature of the Transformer is its universal application of a self-attention…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-01 Nan Ding , Xinjie Fan , Zhenzhong Lan , Dale Schuurmans , Radu Soricut

Self-attention mechanism has been widely used for various tasks. It is designed to compute the representation of each position by a weighted sum of the features at all positions. Thus, it can capture long-range relations for computer vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xia Li , Zhisheng Zhong , Jianlong Wu , Yibo Yang , Zhouchen Lin , Hong Liu