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We study the problem of designing consistent sequential two-sample tests in a nonparametric setting. Guided by the principle of testing by betting, we reframe this task into that of selecting a sequence of payoff functions that maximize the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-26 Shubhanshu Shekhar , Aaditya Ramdas

We study the problems of sequential nonparametric two-sample and independence testing. Sequential tests process data online and allow using observed data to decide whether to stop and reject the null hypothesis or to collect more data,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-07-21 Aleksandr Podkopaev , Aaditya Ramdas

We consider a variant of sequential testing by betting where, at each time step, the statistician is presented with multiple data sources (arms) and obtains data by choosing one of the arms. We consider the composite global null hypothesis…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-19 Ricardo J. Sandoval , Ian Waudby-Smith , Michael I. Jordan

We propose a novel nonparametric sequential test for composite hypotheses for means of multiple data streams. Our proposed method, \emph{peeking with expectation-based averaged capital} (PEAK), builds upon the testing-by-betting framework…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-04 Brian Cho , Kyra Gan , Nathan Kallus

Uncertainty quantification for estimation through stochastic optimization solutions in an online setting has gained popularity recently. This paper introduces a novel inference method focused on constructing confidence intervals with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-03-24 Wanrong Zhu , Zhipeng Lou , Ziyang Wei , Wei Biao Wu

We propose a new approach to sequential testing which is an adaptive (on-line) extension of the (off-line) framework developed in [10]. It relies upon testing of pairs of hypotheses in the case where each hypothesis states that the vector…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-27 Anatoli Juditsky , Arkadi Nemirovski

We study discounted infinitely repeated games in which players agree on a cooperative mixed action profile but, at each step, observe only the realized pure actions. This form of imperfect monitoring breaks classical trigger strategies,…

Applications · Statistics 2026-03-09 Aymeric Capitaine , Antoine Scheid , Etienne Boursier , Alain Durmus , Michael I. Jordan

Developing algorithms to differentiate between machine-generated texts and human-written texts has garnered substantial attention in recent years. Existing methods in this direction typically concern an offline setting where a dataset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Can Chen , Jun-Kun Wang

We introduce an online mathematical framework for survival analysis, allowing real time adaptation to dynamic environments and censored data. This framework enables the estimation of event time distributions through an optimal second order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Camila Fernandez , Pierre Gaillard , Joseph de Vilmarest , Olivier Wintenberger

This work tackles the complexities of multi-player scenarios in \emph{unknown games}, where the primary challenge lies in navigating the uncertainty of the environment through bandit feedback alongside strategic decision-making. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yingru Li , Liangqi Liu , Wenqiang Pu , Hao Liang , Zhi-Quan Luo

We present statistical methods for big data arising from online analytical processing, where large amounts of data arrive in streams and require fast analysis without storage/access to the historical data. In particular, we develop…

Computation · Statistics 2018-06-13 Elizabeth D. Schifano , Jing Wu , Chun Wang , Jun Yan , Ming-Hui Chen

Bayesian inference without the likelihood evaluation, or likelihood-free inference, has been a key research topic in simulation studies for gaining quantitatively validated simulation models on real-world datasets. As the likelihood…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-11-07 Dongjun Kim , Kyungwoo Song , YoonYeong Kim , Yongjin Shin , Wanmo Kang , Il-Chul Moon , Weonyoung Joo

This note proposes a procedure for enhancing the quality of probabilistic prediction algorithms via betting against their predictions. It is inspired by the success of the conformal test martingales that have been developed recently.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Vladimir Vovk

The bounded mean betting procedure serves as a crucial interface between the domains of (1) sequential, anytime-valid statistical inference, and (2) online learning and portfolio selection algorithms. While recent work in both domains has…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Hongjian Wang , Shubhada Agrawal , Aaditya Ramdas

An interior-point algorithm framework is proposed, analyzed, and tested for solving nonlinearly constrained continuous optimization problems. The main setting of interest is when the objective and constraint functions may be nonlinear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-08-30 Frank E. Curtis , Xin Jiang , Qi Wang

Machine learning systems deployed in the real world must operate under dynamic and often unpredictable distribution shifts. This challenges the validity of statistical safety assurances on the system's risk established beforehand. Common…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-23 Alexander Timans , Rajeev Verma , Eric Nalisnick , Christian A. Naesseth

Experimentation involves risk. The investigator expends time and money in the pursuit of data that supports a hypothesis. In the end, the investigator may find that all of these costs were for naught and the data fail to reject the null.…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-25 Thomas Cook , Patrick Flaherty

An algorithm based on the interior-point methodology for solving continuous nonlinearly constrained optimization problems is proposed, analyzed, and tested. The distinguishing feature of the algorithm is that it presumes that only noisy…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-18 Frank E. Curtis , Shima Dezfulian , Andreas Waechter

Testing by betting has been a cornerstone of the game-theoretic statistics literature. One bets against the null hypothesis, and the accumulated wealth $W_t$ quantifies the evidence against the null hypothesis after $t$ rounds, and the null…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Hongjian Wang , Muriel F. Pérez-Ortiz , Wouter M. Koolen , Aaditya Ramdas

Maximality, interval dominance, and E-admissibility are three well-known criteria for decision making under severe uncertainty using lower previsions. We present a new fast algorithm for finding maximal gambles. We compare its performance…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-07-10 Nawapon Nakharutai , Matthias C. M. Troffaes , Camila C. S. Caiado
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