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Lattice cryptography schemes based on the learning with errors (LWE) hardness assumption have been standardized by NIST for use as post-quantum cryptosystems, and by HomomorphicEncryption.org for encrypted compute on sensitive data. Thus,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Emily Wenger , Eshika Saxena , Mohamed Malhou , Ellie Thieu , Kristin Lauter

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) allows an untrusted party to evaluate arithmetic cir- cuits, i.e., perform additions and multiplications on encrypted data, without having the decryp- tion key. One of the most efficient class of FHE…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Hao Chen

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) allows secure and privacy-protected computation on encrypted data without the need to decrypt it. Since Shor's algorithm rendered prime factorisation and discrete logarithm-based ciphers insecure with quantum…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Siddhartha Siddhiprada Bhoi , Arathi Arakala , Amy Beth Corman , Asha Rao

The Ring Learning-With-Errors (RLWE) problem shows great promise for post-quantum cryptography and homomorphic encryption. We describe a new attack on the non-dual search RLWE problem with small error widths, using ring homomorphisms to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Hao Chen , Kristin Lauter , Katherine E. Stange

Learning with Errors is one of the fundamental problems in computational learning theory and has in the last years become the cornerstone of post-quantum cryptography. In this work, we study the quantum sample complexity of Learning with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-27 Alex B. Grilo , Iordanis Kerenidis , Timo Zijlstra

At ASIACRYPT 2018, a digital attack based on linear least squares was introduced for a variant of the learning with errors (LWE) problem which omits modular reduction known as the integer learning with errors problem (ILWE). In this paper,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Kyle Yates , Antsa Pierrottet , Abdullah Al Mamun , Ryann Cartor , Mashrur Chowdhury , Shuhong Gao

LWE-based cryptosystems are an attractive alternative to traditional ones in the post-quantum era. To minimize the storage cost of part of its public key - a $256 \times 640$ integer matrix, $\textbf{T}$ - a binary version of $\textbf{T}$…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-04-10 Tikaram Sanyashi , M. Bhargav Sri Venkatesh , Kapil Agarwal , Manish Verma , Bernard Menezes

Learning with Errors (LWE) is a hard math problem underlying recently standardized post-quantum cryptography (PQC) systems for key exchange and digital signatures. Prior work proposed new machine learning (ML)-based attacks on LWE problems…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Samuel Stevens , Emily Wenger , Cathy Li , Niklas Nolte , Eshika Saxena , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

It is a long standing open problem to find search to decision reductions for structured versions of the decoding problem of linear codes. Such results in the lattice-based setting have been carried out using number fields: Polynomial-LWE,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Maxime Bombar , Alain Couvreur , Thomas Debris-Alazard

This is a survey on some topics in Lattice based cryptography and Homomorphic Encryption. In particular, we define some lattice problems, LWE and RLWE, and state the reductions given by Regev and Peikert. We also give a full treatment of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Vir Pathak

Why study Lattice-based Cryptography? There are a few ways to answer this question. 1. It is useful to have cryptosystems that are based on a variety of hard computational problems so the different cryptosystems are not all vulnerable in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Yang Li , Kee Siong Ng , Michael Purcell

This study proposes post-quantum encrypted control systems based on dynamic-key Learning with Errors (LWE) encryption schemes. The proposed method develops update maps that simultaneously update the private key and ciphertexts within the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-28 Jungjin Park , Kiminao Kogiso

Encrypted control has been introduced to protect controller data by encryption at the stage of computation and communication, by performing the computation directly on encrypted data. In this article, we first review and categorize recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Junsoo Kim , Dongwoo Kim , Yongsoo Song , Hyungbo Shim , Henrik Sandberg , Karl H. Johansson

We introduce a continuous analogue of the Learning with Errors (LWE) problem, which we name CLWE. We give a polynomial-time quantum reduction from worst-case lattice problems to CLWE, showing that CLWE enjoys similar hardness guarantees to…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Joan Bruna , Oded Regev , Min Jae Song , Yi Tang

In this work, we unveil an analogy between well-known lattice based learning with error problem and ill-posed inverse problems. We show that LWE problem is a structured inverse problem. Further, we propose a symmetric encryption scheme…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Gaurav Mittal

In this paper we introduce learnable lattice vector quantization and demonstrate its effectiveness for learning discrete representations. Our method, termed LL-VQ-VAE, replaces the vector quantization layer in VQ-VAE with lattice-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Ahmed Khalil , Robert Piechocki , Raul Santos-Rodriguez

As quantum computing technology continues to advance, post-quantum cryptographic methods capable of resisting quantum attacks have emerged as a critical area of focus. Given the potential vulnerability of existing homomorphic encryption…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Abel C. H. Chen

Learning with Errors (LWE) problems are the foundations for numerous applications in lattice-based cryptography and are provably as hard as approximate lattice problems in the worst case. Here we present a reduction from LWE problem to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-05 Fada Li , Wansu Bao , Xiangqun Fu , Yuchao Zhang , Tan Li

Currently deployed public-key cryptosystems will be vulnerable to attacks by full-scale quantum computers. Consequently, "quantum resistant" cryptosystems are in high demand, and lattice-based cryptosystems, based on a hard problem known as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Emily Wenger , Mingjie Chen , François Charton , Kristin Lauter

Verifiable Homomorphic Encryption (VHE) is a cryptographic technique that integrates Homomorphic Encryption (HE) with Verifiable Computation (VC). It serves as a crucial technology for ensuring both privacy and integrity in outsourced…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jung Hee Cheon , Daehyun Jang