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Large pre-trained vision-language (VL) models have shown significant promise in adapting to various downstream tasks. However, fine-tuning the entire network is challenging due to the massive number of model parameters. To address this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Jingchen Sun , Jiayu Qin , Zihao Lin , Changyou Chen

Recent progress in large pre-trained vision language models (VLMs) has reached state-of-the-art performance on several object detection benchmarks and boasts strong zero-shot capabilities, but for optimal performance on specific targets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Frank Ruis , Gertjan Burghouts , Hugo Kuijf

Domain shift is a prominent problem in Deep Learning, causing a model pre-trained on a source dataset to suffer significant performance degradation on test datasets. This research aims to address the issue of audio classification under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Weichuang Shao , Iman Yi Liao , Tomas Henrique Bode Maul , Tissa Chandesa

Current top-notch deep learning (DL) based vision models are primarily based on exploring and exploiting the inherent correlations between training data samples and their associated labels. However, a known practical challenge is their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Chao-Han Huck Yang , I-Te Danny Hung , Yi-Chieh Liu , Pin-Yu Chen

Advances in the field of vision-language contrastive learning have made it possible for many downstream applications to be carried out efficiently and accurately by simply taking the dot product between image and text representations. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Yifei Zhou , Juntao Ren , Fengyu Li , Ramin Zabih , Ser-Nam Lim

Pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently shown promise in detecting anomalies. However, previous approaches are fundamentally limited by their reliance on human-designed prompts and the lack of accessible anomaly samples,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Pi-Wei Chen , Jerry Chun-Wei Lin , Wei-Han Chen , Jia Ji , Zih-Ching Chen , Feng-Hao Yeh , Chao-Chun Chen

Language models (LMs) have shown impressive performance on tasks within their training distribution, but often struggle with structurally novel tasks even when given a small number of in-context task examples. We investigate the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Ekin Akyürek , Mehul Damani , Adam Zweiger , Linlu Qiu , Han Guo , Jyothish Pari , Yoon Kim , Jacob Andreas

Fully Test-Time Adaptation (FTTA) addresses domain shifts without access to source data and training protocols of the pre-trained models. Traditional strategies that align source and target feature distributions are infeasible in FTTA due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ponhvoan Srey , Yaxin Shi , Hangwei Qian , Jing Li , Ivor W. Tsang

Pre-trained vision-language models have notably accelerated progress of open-world concept recognition. Their impressive zero-shot ability has recently been transferred to multi-label image classification via prompt tuning, enabling to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Xuelin Zhu , Jiuxin Cao , Jian liu , Dongqi Tang , Furong Xu , Weijia Liu , Jiawei Ge , Bo Liu , Qingpei Guo , Tianyi Zhang

With the development of visual-language models (VLM) in downstream task applications, test-time adaptation methods based on VLM have attracted increasing attention for their ability to address changes distribution in test-time. Although…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Chenhao Ding , Xinyuan Gao , Songlin Dong , Yuhang He , Qiang Wang , Xiang Song , Alex Kot , Yihong Gong

In this work, we present the Textless Vision-Language Transformer (TVLT), where homogeneous transformer blocks take raw visual and audio inputs for vision-and-language representation learning with minimal modality-specific design, and do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Zineng Tang , Jaemin Cho , Yixin Nie , Mohit Bansal

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) excels at learning generalizable image representations but often falls short in zero-shot inference on certain downstream datasets. Test-time adaptation (TTA) mitigates this issue by adjusting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Zixin Wang , Dong Gong , Sen Wang , Zi Huang , Yadan Luo

Learning to adapt pretrained language models to unlabeled, out-of-distribution data is a critical challenge, as models often falter on structurally novel reasoning tasks even while excelling within their training distribution. We introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Mohammad Mahdi Moradi , Hossam Amer , Sudhir Mudur , Weiwei Zhang , Yang Liu , Walid Ahmed

Deep learning models in medical imaging often encounter challenges when adapting to new clinical settings unseen during training. Test-time adaptation offers a promising approach to optimize models for these unseen domains, yet its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Sameer Ambekar , Julia A. Schnabel , Cosmin I. Bercea

Spoken Language Models (SLMs) are increasingly central to modern speech-driven applications, but performance degrades under acoustic shift - real-world noise, reverberation, and microphone variation. Prior solutions rely on offline domain…

The new paradigm of test-time scaling has yielded remarkable breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) (e.g. reasoning models) and in generative vision models, allowing models to allocate additional computation during inference to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-14 Luca Eyring , Shyamgopal Karthik , Alexey Dosovitskiy , Nataniel Ruiz , Zeynep Akata

We consider imitation learning in the low-data regime, where only a limited number of expert demonstrations are available. In this setting, methods that rely on large-scale pretraining or high-capacity architectures can be difficult to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Lionel Blondé , Joao A. Candido Ramos , Alexandros Kalousis

Attention learners, neural networks built on the attention mechanism, e.g., transformers, excel at learning the implicit relationships that relate sequences to their corresponding properties, e.g., mapping a given sequence of tokens to the…

Test-time training (TTT) enhances model performance by explicitly updating designated parameters prior to each prediction to adapt to the test data. While TTT has demonstrated considerable empirical success, its theoretical underpinnings…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-03 Kento Kuwataka , Taiji Suzuki

The goal of test-time adaptation is to adapt a source-pretrained model to a continuously changing target domain without relying on any source data. Typically, this is either done by updating the parameters of the model (model adaptation)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Mrigank Raman , Rohan Shah , Akash Kannan , Pranit Chawla