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Despite recent advances, evaluating how well large language models (LLMs) follow user instructions remains an open problem. While evaluation methods of language models have seen a rise in prompt-based approaches, limited work on the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ondrej Skopek , Rahul Aralikatte , Sian Gooding , Victor Carbune

One core capability of large language models (LLMs) is to follow natural language instructions. However, the issue of automatically constructing high-quality training data to enhance the complex instruction-following abilities of LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Guanting Dong , Keming Lu , Chengpeng Li , Tingyu Xia , Bowen Yu , Chang Zhou , Jingren Zhou

While advancements in the reasoning abilities of LLMs have significantly enhanced their performance in solving mathematical problems, coding tasks, and general puzzles, their effectiveness in accurately adhering to instructions remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Chenyang Wang , Liang Wen , Shousheng Jia , Xiangzheng Zhang , Liang Xu

While model-based verifiers are essential for scaling Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), current outcome-centric verification paradigms primarily focus on the consistency between the final result and the ground truth,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xiangfeng Wang , Hangyu Guo , Yanlin Lai , Mitt Huang , Liang Zhao , Chengyuan Yao , Yinmin Zhang , Qi Han , Xiaoxiao Ren , Chun Yuan , Tong Xu , Zheng Ge , Xiangyu Zhang , Daxin Jiang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are nowadays extensively used for various types of software engineering tasks, primarily code generation. Previous research has shown how suitable prompt engineering could help developers in improving their code…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used to automate relevance judgments for information retrieval (IR) tasks, often demonstrating agreement with human labels that approaches inter-human agreement. To assess the robustness and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A . Clarke

Automated requirement-to-code traceability link recovery, essential for industrial system quality and safety, is critically hindered by the scarcity of labeled data. To address this bottleneck, this paper proposes and validates a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jianzhang Zhang , Jialong Zhou , Nan Niu , Jinping Hua , Chuang Liu

Extracting structured procedural knowledge from unstructured business documents is a critical yet unresolved bottleneck in process automation. While prior work has focused on extracting linear action flows from instructional texts, such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Chen Yang , Ruping Xu , Ruizhe Li , Bin Cao , Jing Fan

Large Language Models (LLMs) are widely used in both industry and academia for various tasks, yet evaluating the consistency of generated text responses continues to be a challenge. Traditional metrics like ROUGE and BLEU show a weak…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-26 P Aditya Sreekar , Sahil Verma , Suransh Chopra , Sarik Ghazarian , Abhishek Persad , Narayanan Sadagopan

As applications of large language models (LLMs) become increasingly complex, the demand for robust complex instruction following capabilities is growing accordingly. We argue that a thorough understanding of the instruction itself,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuancheng Yang , Lin Yang , Xu Wang , Chao Tong , Haihua Yang

We introduce IFIR, the first comprehensive benchmark designed to evaluate instruction-following information retrieval (IR) in expert domains. IFIR includes 2,426 high-quality examples and covers eight subsets across four specialized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-07 Tingyu Song , Guo Gan , Mingsheng Shang , Yilun Zhao

LLMs-as-a-judge is a recently popularized method which replaces human judgements in task evaluation (Zheng et al. 2024) with automatic evaluation using LLMs. Due to widespread use of RLHF (Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Bhuvanashree Murugadoss , Christian Poelitz , Ian Drosos , Vu Le , Nick McKenna , Carina Suzana Negreanu , Chris Parnin , Advait Sarkar

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive capabilities across a myriad of tasks, yet they occasionally yield undesirable outputs. We posit that these limitations are rooted in the foundational autoregressive architecture of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Cheng Yang , Chufan Shi , Siheng Li , Bo Shui , Yujiu Yang , Wai Lam

Requirements engineering is a knowledge intensive process and crucial for the success of engineering projects. The field of knowledge-based requirements engineering (KBRE) aims to support engineers by providing knowledge to assist in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Lasse M. Reinpold , Marvin Schieseck , Lukas P. Wagner , Felix Gehlhoff , Alexander Fay

We present a systematic empirical study of prompt engineering for formal mathematical reasoning in the context of the SAIR Equational Theories Stage 1 competition. The task requires deciding whether one equational law implies another over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Manuel Israel Cazares

In this paper, we propose a novel prompting approach aimed at enhancing the ability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate accurate Python code. Specifically, we introduce a prompt template designed to improve the quality and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Rogelio Cruz , Jonatan Contreras , Francisco Guerrero , Ezequiel Rodriguez , Carlos Valdez , Citlali Carrillo

Fixing static analysis alerts in source code with Large Language Models (LLMs) is becoming increasingly popular. However, LLMs often hallucinate and perform poorly for complex and less common alerts. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG)…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yuan-An Xiao , Weixuan Wang , Dong Liu , Junwei Zhou , Shengyu Cheng , Yingfei Xiong

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promising performance on various programming tasks, including Automatic Program Repair (APR). However, most approaches to LLM-based APR are limited to the static analysis of the programs, while disregarding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Mirazul Haque , Petr Babkin , Farima Farmahinifarahani , Manuela Veloso

In large language models (LLM)-based recommendation systems (LLM-RSs), accurately predicting user preferences by leveraging the general knowledge of LLMs is possible without requiring extensive training data. By converting recommendation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Genki Kusano , Kosuke Akimoto , Kunihiro Takeoka

Large Language Models are transforming software engineering, yet prompt management in practice remains ad hoc, hindering reliability, reuse, and integration into industrial workflows. We present Prompt-with-Me, a practical solution for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ziyou Li , Agnia Sergeyuk , Maliheh Izadi