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Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has emerged as a predominant alignment method for diffusion models, facilitating off-policy training without explicit reward modeling. However, its reliance on large-scale, high-quality human preference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Khiem Pham , Quang Nguyen , Tung Nguyen , Jingsen Zhu , Michele Santacatterina , Dimitris Metaxas , Ramin Zabih

We have seen remarkable progress in large language models (LLMs) empowered multi-agent systems solving complex tasks necessitating cooperation among experts with diverse skills. However, optimizing LLM-based multi-agent systems remains…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Ming Shen , Raphael Shu , Anurag Pratik , James Gung , Yubin Ge , Monica Sunkara , Yi Zhang

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) improves the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values by training directly on human preference datasets, eliminating the need for reward models. However, due to the presence of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Biqing Qi , Pengfei Li , Fangyuan Li , Junqi Gao , Kaiyan Zhang , Bowen Zhou

Direct alignment methods are increasingly used for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. However, these methods suffer from the issues of verbosity and likelihood displacement, which can be driven by the noisy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Peter Chen , Xi Chen , Wotao Yin , Tianyi Lin

Adapting Large Language Models (LLMs) for agent tasks is critical in developing language agents. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) is a promising technique for this adaptation with the alleviation of compounding errors, offering a means…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Wentao Shi , Mengqi Yuan , Junkang Wu , Qifan Wang , Fuli Feng

The automated generation of agentic workflows is a promising frontier for enabling large language models (LLMs) to solve complex tasks. However, our investigation reveals that the robustness of agentic workflow remains a critical,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Shengxiang Xu , Jiayi Zhang , Shimin Di , Yuyu Luo , Liang Yao , Hanmo Liu , Jia Zhu , Fan Liu , Min-Ling Zhang

Recent studies have shown that carefully designed workflows coordinating large language models(LLMs) significantly enhance task-solving capabilities compared to using a single model. While an increasing number of works focus on autonomous…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Yi Lin , Lujin Zhao , Yijie Shi

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has emerged as a pivotal tool for aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences. Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), one of the most popular approaches, formulates RLHF as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Jiafan He , Huizhuo Yuan , Quanquan Gu

Traditional language model alignment methods, such as Direct Preference Optimization (DPO), are limited by their dependence on static, pre-collected paired preference data, which hampers their adaptability and practical applicability. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Yueqin Yin , Zhendong Wang , Yujia Xie , Weizhu Chen , Mingyuan Zhou

Agentic workflows have become the dominant paradigm for building complex AI systems, orchestrating specialized components, such as planning, reasoning, action execution, and reflection, to tackle sophisticated real-world tasks. However,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, motivating researchers to investigate their potential use in recommendation systems. However, directly applying LLMs to recommendation tasks has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Zhuoxi Bai , Ning Wu , Fengyu Cai , Xinyi Zhu , Yun Xiong

Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) has been proposed as a promising alternative to Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) based Reinforcement Learning with Human Feedback (RLHF). However, empirical evaluations consistently reveal suboptimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Qinwei Ma , Jingzhe Shi , Can Jin , Jenq-Neng Hwang , Serge Belongie , Lei Li

High-quality dialogue is crucial for e-commerce customer service, yet traditional intent-based systems struggle with dynamic, multi-turn interactions. We present MindFlow+, a self-evolving dialogue agent that learns domain-specific behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Ming Gong , Xucheng Huang , Ziheng Xu , Vijayan K. Asari

Modern ML systems ingest data aggregated from diverse sources, such as synthetic, human-annotated, and live customer traffic. Understanding \textit{which} examples are important to the performance of a learning algorithm is crucial for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-29 Nikhil Anand , Joshua Tan , Maria Minakova

Many real-world optimization problems contain parameters that are unknown before deployment time, either due to stochasticity or to lack of information (e.g., demand or travel times in delivery problems). A common strategy in such cases is…

Finding effective prompts for language models (LMs) is critical yet notoriously difficult: the prompt space is combinatorially large, rewards are sparse due to expensive target-LM evaluation. Yet, existing RL-based prompt optimizers often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Junmo Cho , Suhan Kim , Sangjune An , Minsu Kim , Dong Bok Lee , Heejun Lee , Sung Ju Hwang , Hae Beom Lee

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) or multimodal large language models represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling systems to understand and generate content across both visual and textual modalities. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

This research examines the use of Reinforcement Learning from AI Feedback (RLAIF) techniques to improve healthcare dialogue models, with the aim of tackling the challenges of preference-aligned data annotation while reducing the reliance on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chengfeng Dou , Ying Zhang , Zhi Jin , Wenpin Jiao , Haiyan Zhao , Yongqiang Zhao , Zhengwei Tao

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform well in language tasks but often lack collaborative awareness and struggle to optimize global performance in multi-agent settings. We present a reinforcement learning-augmented LLM agent framework that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Dong Qiu , Duo Xu , Limengxi Yue

Neural retrieval models excel in Web search, but their training requires substantial amounts of labeled query-document pairs, which are costly to obtain. With the widespread availability of Web document collections like ClueWeb22, synthetic…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-27 João Coelho , Bruno Martins , João Magalhães , Chenyan Xiong